MariaDB Connector/J: Server could switch character_set_results away from UTF-8 without the client noticing

MariaDB Connector/J is used to connect applications developed in Java to MariaDB and MySQL databases. From 3.0.0 until 3.3.7, 3.4.5, and 3.5.11, the connector assumed result bytes were UTF-8 but guarded only changes to character_set_client. It did not reject non-UTF-8 character_set_results changes and relied on the server's global session_track_system_variables configuration to report character-set changes. A malicious or compromised server, or a machine-in-the-middle attacker, could suppress tracking or change the result charset so application strings differed from the returned bytes, potentially defeating application-side validation or escaping that depended on the decoded values. This issue is fixed in versions 3.3.7, 3.4.5, and 3.5.11.

Plaintext exposure of encrypted fields via ANSI code-page corruption of database name

A flaw in the client-side encryption support of the MongoDB .NET/C# driver can cause data designated for client-side field-level encryption to be written without encryption. Under certain platform text-encoding configurations, an internal name conversion loses information, so the encryption layer fails to associate the operation with its configured encryption rules and the operation proceeds without an error being raised. An application user with the ability to write data through an affected application can therefore have sensitive fields persisted in plaintext, defeating the confidentiality guarantee that client-side encryption is intended to provide. No integrity or availability impact was observed.

curl: percent-encoded path separator in URL host

The curl URL parser wrongly accepts percent-encoded URL separators like '/'when decoding the host name part of a URL, making it a *different* URL usingthe wrong host name when it is later retrieved.For example, a URL like `http://example.com%2F127.0.0.1/`, would be allowed bythe parser and get transposed into `http://example.com/127.0.0.1/`. This flawcan be used to circumvent filters, checks and more.

expat: Malformed 2- and 3-byte UTF-8 sequences can lead to arbitrary code execution

xmltok_impl.c in Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.5 lacks certain validation of encoding, such as checks for whether a UTF-8 character is valid in a certain context.

openssh: Acceptance and display of arbitrary stderr allows for spoofing of scp client output

In OpenSSH 7.9, due to accepting and displaying arbitrary stderr output from the server, a malicious server (or Man-in-The-Middle attacker) can manipulate the client output, for example to use ANSI control codes to hide additional files being transferred.

chromium-browser: chromium-browser: Improper output encoding in DevTools

Improper output encoding in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 154.0.8037.57 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Zammad: Stored HTML injection in Knowledge Base video widget enables forced session switching via unescaped iframe attribute

Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.1.2, a user with Knowledge Base editing rights for a category can embed a video widget in a published answer with a specially crafted value. When the answer is rendered, that value is inserted into the page's HTML without being escaped for its attribute context, allowing it to break out and inject additional HTML into the page. When another user who has permission to switch between user sessions views the affected answer, the injected HTML causes their browser to silently send a request to Zammad's session-switching endpoint using their own active credentials. This results in switching their session to an account chosen by the person who wrote the Knowledge Base answer. No action is required from the viewer beyond opening the published answer. This issue is fixed in version 7.1.2.

fast-uri vulnerable to mailto header injection via percent-encoded field-name desynchronization

fast-uri is a dependency-free RFC 3986 URI parser for Node.js, used by Fastify and ajv, that added a mailto scheme parser in version 4.1.3. In versions 4.1.3 and 4.1.4, the mailto parser compares each query field name to the reserved names to, subject, and body while the name is still percent-encoded, and decodes it only when storing it as a generic header, so a percent-encoded spelling of a reserved field name is not recognized as that field at parse time but is re-emitted as the literal field name when the parsed URI is serialized. An application that validates, logs, or displays the recipient list from the first parse and then serializes the URI and sends it can silently gain an attacker-chosen recipient, and the subject and body fields can be smuggled across the same roundtrip. The issue is fixed in fast-uri 4.1.5, and users should upgrade to 4.1.5 or later. As a workaround, do not act on a mailto URI that fast-uri has re-serialized without first decoding and re-validating its recipient, subject, and body fields.

MariaDB Connector/J: Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context in org.mariadb.jdbc:mariadb-java-client

MariaDB Connector/J is used to connect applications developed in Java to MariaDB and MySQL databases. Prior to 2.7.14, 3.3.5, 3.4.3, and 3.5.9, the connector encodes and decodes protocol text and performs client-side escaping under the assumption that the connection character set is UTF-8. The server can report a mid-session change to character_set_client through OK-packet session-state tracking, including a change caused by SET NAMES, a stored routine or trigger, server configuration, or a hostile server. If character_set_client changes to a non-UTF-8 value, the driver continues to read and write UTF-8 while the server interprets the same bytes under another encoding, causing silent data corruption and a client/server charset-confusion mismatch that can defeat byte-wise quoting or escaping. The fix accepts only utf8, utf8mb3, or utf8mb4 after initialization; any other value causes SQLException with SQLState 08000 and closes the connection. This issue is fixed in versions 2.7.14, 3.3.5, 3.4.3, and 3.5.9.

MariaDB Connector/R2DBC: Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context and Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output in org.mariadb:r2dbc-mariadb

MariaDB Connector/R2DBC is a non-blocking MariaDB and MySQL client implemented in Java. Prior to 1.4.1, org.mariadb:r2dbc-mariadb encodes and decodes all character data under the assumption that the connection character set is UTF-8. A server can announce a mid-session change to character_set_client through the OK-packet session-state-tracking mechanism, including through SET NAMES executed by a stored routine or trigger, server configuration, or a hostile or man-in-the-middle server. If the new character set is not UTF-8, the driver continues to exchange UTF-8 while the server interprets the same bytes under a different encoding, causing silent data corruption and a client/server charset-confusion mismatch that can defeat byte-wise quoting or escaping. The fix accepts only utf8, utf8mb3, or utf8mb4 after initialization; any other value raises R2dbcNonTransientResourceException with SQLState 08000 and closes the connection. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.1.

Round-trip Corruption via Improper Entity Escaping in xml_builder

Inappropriate Encoding for Output Context vulnerability in joshnuss xml_builder (XmlBuilder module) allows Content Spoofing, Cross-site Scripting. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/xml_builder.ex and program routines XmlBuilder.generate/1, XmlBuilder.generate/2, XmlBuilder.escape_string/1, XmlBuilder.escape_entity/1. XmlBuilder.generate/1 does not escape literal & characters in text or attribute values when they are followed by an entity-like token (lt;, gt;, amp;, quot;, apos;). As a result, attacker-supplied input such as &lt;script&gt; is emitted verbatim into the serialized XML rather than being escaped to &amp;lt;script&amp;gt;. When a downstream XML parser later reads the document, it decodes the entity sequences into the literal characters <script>, promoting inert-looking text into real markup. This allows an attacker to bypass upstream filters that block raw < and > characters, injecting markup into any downstream consumer that parses the produced XML and renders the text content in a markup-sensitive context (HTML, SVG, RSS/Atom feeds). Both element text and attribute values are affected. This issue affects xml_builder: from 0.0.6 before 2.4.1.

gdu Terminal Injection via Unstripped Escape Sequences

gdu fails to strip terminal escape sequences from directory and file names when printing paths after TUI exit. Attackers can craft malicious directory or file names containing escape sequences that are interpreted by the terminal, enabling title spoofing, clipboard manipulation, or other terminal-dependent effects.

.NET Spoofing Vulnerability

Improper encoding or escaping of output in .NET allows an authorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

FOSSBilling has stored XSS in client email views via unescaped content in JavaScript template literal

FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Versions 0.6.0 through 0.7.2 have a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the client-facing email history views of FOSSBilling. Email HTML content (`content_html`) is rendered into a JavaScript template literal using the `|raw` filter, bypassing all output escaping. An attacker with admin access can inject malicious JavaScript payloads into email content that execute in the browser of any client who views their email history. Version 0.8.0 contains a fix. Some workarounds are available. Restrict admin account access, audit email content in the database for suspicious payloads, and/or monitor client accounts for unusual activity.

Static resource cache poisoning in Spring MVC and WebFlux

Spring MVC and WebFlux applications are vulnerable to cache poisoning when resolving static resources. More precisely, an application can be vulnerable when all the following are true: * the application is using Spring MVC or Spring WebFlux * the application is configuring the  resource chain support https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/reference/web/webmvc/mvc-config/static-resources.html#page-title  with caching enabled * the application adds support for encoded resources resolution * the resource cache must be empty when the attacker has access to the application When all the conditions above are met, the attacker can send malicious requests and poison the resource cache with resources using the wrong encoding. This can cause a denial of service by breaking the front-end application for clients.

chromium-browser: Policy bypass in IFrameSandbox

Policy bypass in IFrameSandbox in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Apache Tomcat: Incomplete escaping of JSON access logs

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in the JsonAccessLogValve component of Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.53, from 9.0.40 through 9.0.116. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.21, 10.1.54 or 9.0.117 , which fix the issue.

gethostbyaddr and gethostbyaddr_r return invalid DNS hostnames

Calling gethostbyaddr or gethostbyaddr_r with a configured nsswitch.conf that specifies the library's DNS backend in the GNU C library version 2.34 to version 2.43 could result in an invalid DNS hostname being returned to the caller in violation of the DNS specification.

Inappropriate implementation in Web API Permission Prompts in Google Chrome prior to 115.0.5790.98 allowed a remote attacker to obfuscate security UI via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

HTML injection in email body through email subject

Proofpoint Enterprise Protection contains a vulnerability in the email delivery agent that allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject improperly encoded HTML into the email body of a message through the email subject. The vulnerability is caused by inappropriate encoding when rewriting the email before delivery.This issue affects Proofpoint Enterprise Protection: from 8.20.2 before patch 4809, from 8.20.0 before patch 4805, from 8.18.6 before patch 4804 and all other prior versions.