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CVE-2026-89418

Uncontrolled Recursion leading to Denial of Service in protobuf-javascript (google-protobuf)

google-protobuf contains an unbounded recursion when parsing unknown protobuf group fields. An attacker can send a small crafted payload of deeply nested START_GROUP wire bytes to any Node.js service that calls the generated deserializeBinary() API, causing a RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded and crashing the process. No authentication or prior knowledge of the schema is required.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google
Products
Protobuf-javascript
CVE-2026-0994

Denial of Service in Python Protobuf

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in google.protobuf.json_format.ParseDict() in Python, where the max_recursion_depth limit can be bypassed when parsing nested google.protobuf.Any messages. Due to missing recursion depth accounting inside the internal Any-handling logic, an attacker can supply deeply nested Any structures that bypass the intended recursion limit, eventually exhausting Python’s recursion stack and causing a RecursionError.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google Protobuf
Products
Protobuf Protobuf-python Protobuf
CVE-2024-7254

Stack overflow in Protocol Buffers Java Lite

Any project that parses untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of nested groups / series of SGROUP tags can corrupted by exceeding the stack limit i.e. StackOverflow. Parsing nested groups as unknown fields with DiscardUnknownFieldsParser or Java Protobuf Lite parser, or against Protobuf map fields, creates unbounded recursions that can be abused by an attacker.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 High EPSS 2.8% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google Netapp Redhat
Products
Google-protobuf Protobuf Protobuf-java and 12 more
CVE-2025-4565

Unbounded recursion in Python Protobuf

Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901

CVSS 4.0 · 8.2 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google
Products
Protobuf-python
CVE-2024-2410

Use after free in C++ protobuf

The JsonToBinaryStream() function is part of the protocol buffers C++ implementation and is used to parse JSON from a stream. If the input is broken up into separate chunks in a certain way, the parser will attempt to read bytes from a chunk that has already been freed. 

CVSS 3.1 · 7.6 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google
Products
Protobuf
CVE-2022-3510

Parsing issue in protobuf message-type extension

A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with Message-Type Extensions in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google Redhat
Products
Protobuf-java Protobuf-javalite Jboss Enterprise Bpms Platform and 2 more
CVE-2022-3509

Parsing issue in protobuf textformat

A parsing issue similar to CVE-2022-3171, but with textformat in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google Redhat
Products
Protobuf-java Protobuf-javalite Jboss Enterprise Bpms Platform and 2 more
CVE-2021-22569

Denial of Service of protobuf-java parsing procedure

An issue in protobuf-java allowed the interleaving of com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet fields in such a way that would be processed out of order. A small malicious payload can occupy the parser for several minutes by creating large numbers of short-lived objects that cause frequent, repeated pauses. We recommend upgrading libraries beyond the vulnerable versions.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS 1.8% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google Oracle Redhat
Products
Google-protobuf Protobuf-java Protobuf-kotlin and 11 more
CVE-2021-22570

Nullptr Dereference in Protobuf

Nullptr dereference when a null char is present in a proto symbol. The symbol is parsed incorrectly, leading to an unchecked call into the proto file's name during generation of the resulting error message. Since the symbol is incorrectly parsed, the file is nullptr. We recommend upgrading to version 3.15.0 or greater.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS 2.7% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Debian Fedoraproject Google and 3 more
Products
Debian Linux Fedora Protobuf and 8 more
CVE-2022-3171

Memory handling vulnerability in ProtocolBuffers Java core and lite

A parsing issue with binary data in protobuf-java core and lite versions prior to 3.21.7, 3.20.3, 3.19.6 and 3.16.3 can lead to a denial of service attack. Inputs containing multiple instances of non-repeated embedded messages with repeated or unknown fields causes objects to be converted back-n-forth between mutable and immutable forms, resulting in potentially long garbage collection pauses. We recommend updating to the versions mentioned above.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.3 Medium EPSS 1.3% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Fedoraproject Google Redhat
Products
Fedora Google-protobuf Protobuf-java and 7 more
CVE-2015-5237

protobuf: integer overflow in serialization

protobuf allows remote authenticated attackers to cause a heap-based buffer overflow.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.8 High EPSS 5.0% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google
Products
Protobuf
CVE-2022-1941

Out of Memory issue in ProtocolBuffers for cpp and python

A parsing vulnerability for the MessageSet type in the ProtocolBuffers versions prior to and including 3.16.1, 3.17.3, 3.18.2, 3.19.4, 3.20.1 and 3.21.5 for protobuf-cpp, and versions prior to and including 3.16.1, 3.17.3, 3.18.2, 3.19.4, 3.20.1 and 4.21.5 for protobuf-python can lead to out of memory failures. A specially crafted message with multiple key-value per elements creates parsing issues, and can lead to a Denial of Service against services receiving unsanitized input. We recommend upgrading to versions 3.18.3, 3.19.5, 3.20.2, 3.21.6 for protobuf-cpp and 3.18.3, 3.19.5, 3.20.2, 4.21.6 for protobuf-python. Versions for 3.16 and 3.17 are no longer updated.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS 1.5% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Debian Fedoraproject Google and 1 more
Products
Debian Linux Fedora Protobuf-cpp and 2 more