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CVE-2023-6507

Groups not dropped before running subprocess when using empty 'extra_groups' parameter

An issue was found in CPython 3.12.0 `subprocess` module on POSIX platforms. The issue was fixed in CPython 3.12.1 and does not affect other stable releases. When using the `extra_groups=` parameter with an empty list as a value (ie `extra_groups=[]`) the logic regressed to not call `setgroups(0, NULL)` before calling `exec()`, thus not dropping the original processes' groups before starting the new process. There is no issue when the parameter isn't used or when any value is used besides an empty list. This issue only impacts CPython processes run with sufficient privilege to make the `setgroups` system call (typically `root`).

CVSS 3.1 · 6.1 Medium EPSS 1.3% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-15366

IMAP command injection in user-controlled commands

The imaplib module, when passed a user-controlled command, can have additional commands injected using newlines. Mitigation rejects commands containing control characters.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-7774

tarfile.data_filter path traversal bypass allows writing outside the extraction directory

tarfile.data_filter could be bypassed using crafted link entries, including symlinks with empty or directory-like names, to redirect later archive members outside the intended extraction directory. This allowed a malicious tar archive to cause tarfile.extractall() to write files outside the destination directory, subject to the permissions of the extracting process.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-13462

tarfile: Skip DIRTYPE normalization during GNU LONGNAME/LONGLINK handling

The "tarfile" module would still apply normalization of AREGTYPE (\x00) blocks to DIRTYPE, even while processing a multi-block member such as GNUTYPE_LONGNAME or GNUTYPE_LONGLINK. This could result in a crafted tar archive being misinterpreted by the tarfile module compared to other implementations.

CVSS 4.0 · 2 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-5713

Out-of-bounds read/write during remote profiling and asyncio process introspection when connecting to malicious target

The "profiling.sampling" module (Python 3.15+) and "asyncio introspection capabilities" (3.14+, "python -m asyncio ps" and "python -m asyncio pstree") features could be used to read and write addresses in a privileged process if that process connected to a malicious or "infected" Python process via the remote debugging feature. This vulnerability requires persistently and repeatedly connecting to the process to be exploited, even after the connecting process crashes with high likelihood due to ASLR.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-1795

Mishandling of comma during folding and unicode-encoding of email headers

During an address list folding when a separating comma ends up on a folded line and that line is to be unicode-encoded then the separator itself is also unicode-encoded. Expected behavior is that the separating comma remains a plan comma. This can result in the address header being misinterpreted by some mail servers.

CVSS 4.0 · 2.3 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-4517

Arbitrary writes via tarfile realpath overflow

Allows arbitrary filesystem writes outside the extraction directory during extraction with filter="data". You are affected by this vulnerability if using the tarfile module to extract untrusted tar archives using TarFile.extractall() or TarFile.extract() using the filter= parameter with a value of "data" or "tar". See the tarfile extraction filters documentation https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-extraction-filter  for more information. Note that for Python 3.14 or later the default value of filter= changed from "no filtering" to `"data", so if you are relying on this new default behavior then your usage is also affected. Note that none of these vulnerabilities significantly affect the installation of source distributions which are tar archives as source distributions already allow arbitrary code execution during the build process. However when evaluating source distributions it's important to avoid installing source distributions with suspicious links.

CVSS 3.1 · 9.4 Critical EPSS 1.5% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-4435

Tarfile extracts filtered members when errorlevel=0

When using a TarFile.errorlevel = 0 and extracting with a filter the documented behavior is that any filtered members would be skipped and not extracted. However the actual behavior of TarFile.errorlevel = 0 in affected versions is that the member would still be extracted and not skipped.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-8291

ZIP64 End of Central Directory (EOCD) Locator record offset not checked

The 'zipfile' module would not check the validity of the ZIP64 End of Central Directory (EOCD) Locator record offset value would not be used to locate the ZIP64 EOCD record, instead the ZIP64 EOCD record would be assumed to be the previous record in the ZIP archive. This could be abused to create ZIP archives that are handled differently by the 'zipfile' module compared to other ZIP implementations. Remediation maintains this behavior, but checks that the offset specified in the ZIP64 EOCD Locator record matches the expected value.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-4516

Use-after-free in "unicode_escape" decoder with error handler

There is an issue in CPython when using `bytes.decode("unicode_escape", error="ignore|replace")`. If you are not using the "unicode_escape" encoding or an error handler your usage is not affected. To work-around this issue you may stop using the error= handler and instead wrap the bytes.decode() call in a try-except catching the DecodeError.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-6069

HTMLParser quadratic complexity when processing malformed inputs

The html.parser.HTMLParser class had worse-case quadratic complexity when processing certain crafted malformed inputs potentially leading to amplified denial-of-service.

CVSS 3.1 · 4.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2025-8194

Tarfile infinite loop during parsing with negative member offset

There is a defect in the CPython “tarfile” module affecting the “TarFile” extraction and entry enumeration APIs. The tar implementation would process tar archives with negative offsets without error, resulting in an infinite loop and deadlock during the parsing of maliciously crafted tar archives. This vulnerability can be mitigated by including the following patch after importing the “tarfile” module:  https://gist.github.com/sethmlarson/1716ac5b82b73dbcbf23ad2eff8b33e1

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2024-5642

Buffer overread when using an empty list with SSLContext.set_npn_protocols()

CPython 3.9 and earlier doesn't disallow configuring an empty list ("[]") for SSLContext.set_npn_protocols() which is an invalid value for the underlying OpenSSL API. This results in a buffer over-read when NPN is used (see CVE-2024-5535 for OpenSSL). This vulnerability is of low severity due to NPN being not widely used and specifying an empty list likely being uncommon in-practice (typically a protocol name would be configured).

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2024-12718

Bypass extraction filter to modify file metadata outside extraction directory

Allows modifying some file metadata (e.g. last modified) with filter="data" or file permissions (chmod) with filter="tar" of files outside the extraction directory. You are affected by this vulnerability if using the tarfile module to extract untrusted tar archives using TarFile.extractall() or TarFile.extract() using the filter= parameter with a value of "data" or "tar". See the tarfile extraction filters documentation https://docs.python.org/3/library/tarfile.html#tarfile-extraction-filter  for more information. Only Python versions 3.12 or later are affected by these vulnerabilities, earlier versions don't include the extraction filter feature. Note that for Python 3.14 or later the default value of filter= changed from "no filtering" to `"data", so if you are relying on this new default behavior then your usage is also affected. Note that none of these vulnerabilities significantly affect the installation of source distributions which are tar archives as source distributions already allow arbitrary code execution during the build process. However when evaluating source distributions it's important to avoid installing source distributions with suspicious links.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-0865

wsgiref.headers.Headers allows header newline injection

User-controlled header names and values containing newlines can allow injecting HTTP headers.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-0672

Header injection in http.cookies.Morsel

When using http.cookies.Morsel, user-controlled cookie values and parameters can allow injecting HTTP headers into messages. Patch rejects all control characters within cookie names, values, and parameters.

CVSS 4.0 · 6 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-1299

email BytesGenerator header injection due to unquoted newlines

The email module, specifically the "BytesGenerator" class, didn’t properly quote newlines for email headers when serializing an email message allowing for header injection when an email is serialized. This is only applicable if using "LiteralHeader" writing headers that don't respect email folding rules, the new behavior will reject the incorrectly folded headers in "BytesGenerator".

CVSS 4.0 · 6 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-4519

webbrowser.open() allows leading dashes in URLs

The webbrowser.open() API would accept leading dashes in the URL which could be handled as command line options for certain web browsers. New behavior rejects leading dashes. Users are recommended to sanitize URLs prior to passing to webbrowser.open().

CVSS 4.0 · 7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2026-3446

Base64 decoding stops at first padded quad by default

When calling base64.b64decode() or related functions the decoding process would stop after encountering the first padded quad regardless of whether there was more information to be processed. This can lead to data being accepted which may be processed differently by other implementations. Use "validate=True" to enable stricter processing of base64 data.

CVSS 4.0 · 6 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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CVE-2024-0450

Quoted zip-bomb protection for zipfile

An issue was found in the CPython `zipfile` module affecting versions 3.12.1, 3.11.7, 3.10.13, 3.9.18, and 3.8.18 and prior. The zipfile module is vulnerable to “quoted-overlap” zip-bombs which exploit the zip format to create a zip-bomb with a high compression ratio. The fixed versions of CPython makes the zipfile module reject zip archives which overlap entries in the archive.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.2 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
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Cpython Enterprise Linux Rhel Aus and 4 more