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CVE-2026-28199

Sensitive File Disclosure via Relative Path Traversal in NetBackup Flex OS Shell

An authenticated user with access to the NetBackup Flex OS management shell could read arbitrary files from the underlying operating system by supplying a specially crafted path argument to a diagnostic command. Successful exploitation could expose sensitive system configuration and credential material stored on the appliance.

CVSS 4.0 · 4.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Cohesity
Products
Netbackup Flex Os
CVE-2026-45363

`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass

ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 9.1 Critical EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Jwt
Products
Ruby-jwt
CVE-2026-85716

AsyncHttpClient: SCRAM and Digest mutual-authentication responses are not verified

The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 3.0.8 until 3.0.12, processScramAuthenticationInfo and processAuthenticationInfo compute the SCRAM ServerSignature or Digest rspauth verification result but log a mismatch and still deliver the response as authenticated. On a non-TLS or compromised transport, a peer that has not proved knowledge of the shared secret can therefore be accepted as the server. The fix rejects a present invalid value and computes Digest rspauth from the Authorization parameters actually sent, but verification remains unenforced when the value is absent, the sent parameters cannot be recovered, or Digest uses qop=auth-int. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.12.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.7 Low EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Asynchttpclient Project
Products
Async-http-client
CVE-2026-54581

mport bootstrap index fetch can continue after hash verification failure

mport is the MidnightBSD Package Manager. Prior to 2.7.8, the mport_fetch_bootstrap_index() function in libmport/fetch.c could return success when bootstrap index hash verification encountered a missing or invalid hash because the failure path did not preserve a fatal result. A network attacker or compromised mirror able to alter bootstrap index content or its transport path could therefore cause mport to proceed with an unverified or tampered bootstrap package index. This issue is fixed in version 2.7.8.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.3 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Midnightbsd
Products
Mport
CVE-2026-92718

Nuclei from 3.7.0 before 3.11.1 Template Signature Bypass via Modification-Time-Only Cache

Nuclei versions before 3.11.1 cache template signature verification based only on file modification time without content checksums. Attackers can replace verified templates with unsigned malicious content and restore the original modification time to bypass signature checks and execute arbitrary operating system commands.

CVSS 4.0 · 7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Projectdiscovery
Products
Nuclei
CVE-2025-20248

Cisco IOS XR Software Image Verification Bypass Vulnerability

A vulnerability in the installation process of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to bypass Cisco IOS XR Software image signature verification and load unsigned software on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have root-system privileges on the affected device. This vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of files during the installation of an .iso file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying contents of the .iso image and then installing and activating it on the device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to load an unsigned file as part of the image activation process.

CVSS 3.1 · 6 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Cisco
Products
Ios Xr Ios Xr Software
CVE-2026-5588

PKIX draft CompositeVerifier accepts empty signature sequence as valid.

Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcpkix on all (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX-FIPS bcpkix on All (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPIX-LTS bcpkix on All (pkix modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files JcaContentVerifierProviderBuilder.Java, JcaContentVerfierProviderBuilder.Java. This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.67 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84; BCPKIX-FIPS: from 2.0.6 before 2.0.11, from 2.1.7 before 2.1.11; BCPIX-LTS: from 2.73.7 before 2.73.11.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Bouncycastle
Products
Bc-java
CVE-2026-50010

Netty's wrapping plain trust manager silently disables hostname verification

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, SimpleTrustManagerFactory.engineGetTrustManagers() and related paths wrap any user-supplied plain X509TrustManager in X509TrustManagerWrapper, which extends X509ExtendedTrustManager but implements the 3-arg checkServerTrusted(chain, authType, SSLEngine) by discarding the SSLEngine and calling the 2-arg delegate. Because the object now IS an X509ExtendedTrustManager, neither SunJSSE's internal AbstractTrustManagerWrapper nor Netty's own OpenSslX509TrustManagerWrapper will re-wrap it to add endpoint-identification. Consequently, even though Netty 4.2 sets endpointIdentificationAlgorithm="HTTPS" by default, a client built with `SslContextBuilder.forClient().trustManager(somePlainX509TrustManager)` performs no hostname verification at all. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Netty
Products
Netty
CVE-2026-54155

node-opcua: Missing nonce verification in UserNameIdentityToken authentication

node-opcua is an OPC UA implementation for TypeScript and Node.js. Prior to 2.166.0, the UserNameIdentityToken authentication handler in packages/node-opcua-server/source/opcua_server.ts decrypts an RSA-OAEP password blob but does not verify that the trailing bytes match the current session serverNonce. An unauthenticated remote attacker can obtain the server public key through GetEndpoints and forge a blob whose little-endian length produces an empty password passed to isValidUser, compromising accounts that accept an empty password. Missing nonce binding also allows a captured UserNameIdentityToken ciphertext to be replayed in another session, and SecurityMode=None removes the separate client-signature safeguard. This issue is fixed in version 2.166.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Node-opcua Project
Products
Node-opcua
CVE-2026-86038

libp2p: Gossipsub StrictSign accepts attacker-signed messages as a victim RSA peer ID

libp2p is a JavaScript implementation of the libp2p networking stack. From 15.0.0 until 16.0.5, @libp2p/gossipsub uses the default StrictSign policy in packages/gossipsub/src/utils/buildRawMessage.ts, where validateToRawMessage verifies a signature with attacker-controlled msg.key but skips binding that key to msg.from when the claimed author is an RSA peer ID that does not inline a public key. An unauthenticated attacker can place a victim RSA peer ID in msg.from, sign the message with the attacker's private key, and supply the attacker's public key in msg.key, causing the message to be accepted and propagated as authored by the victim. Applications that trust message.from for validators, authorization, accounting, moderation, reputation, or audit logging can process attacker-controlled data under false origin attribution. The issue is fixed in version 16.0.5.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Libp2p
Products
Libp2p
CVE-2026-58200

@jhb.software/payload-cloudinary-plugin: Arbitrary Cloudinary API Parameter Signing

Payload Plugins is a collection of plugins designed to enhance Payload CMS. From 0.3.0 until 0.4.0, @jhb.software/payload-cloudinary-plugin deployments with clientUploads enabled expose POST /api/cloudinary-generate-signature, whose handler in cloudinary/src/getGenerateSignature.ts passes attacker-controlled body.paramsToSign directly to cloudinary.utils.api_sign_request without a key allowlist, collection policy, timestamp freshness check, or configured-folder enforcement. Any authenticated Payload user can obtain a valid Cloudinary HMAC-SHA1 signature for unauthorized parameters such as overwrite, type, notification_url, invalidate, folder, and public_id. The signature can authorize asset replacement, upload visibility changes, callbacks to attacker-selected URLs, cache invalidation, and uploads outside the intended folder. The client-visible Cloudinary API key is expected by the upload design, but the unrestricted server-side signature supplies the authorization value needed to complete these operations. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.4.0.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.1 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Jhb-software
Products
Payload-plugins
CVE-2026-86585

Improper Verification of the Firmware Signature vulnerability

The lack of signature verification of firmware update packages in VEO and VEO-XS Wi-Fi monitors, in versions prior to 01.48.001, allows an attacker who controls the delivery of an update to install unauthorised firmware.

CVSS 4.0 · 7.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Fermax
Products
Duox Plus Monitor Firmware (veo Wi-fi Range)
CVE-2026-78223

Token revocation record built from unverified JWT claims in AshAuthentication

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in team-alembic AshAuthentication allows a caller of the token revocation action to neutralise a revocation or write arbitrary rows into the token resource. AshAuthentication.TokenResource.RevokeTokenChange.change/3 reads the :token argument and decodes it with AshAuthentication.Jwt.peek/1, which delegates to Joken.peek_claims/1 and performs no signature check, unlike Jwt.verify/4. The jti, exp and sub claims it returns are written straight onto the revocation record, guarded only by byte_size(token) > 0. Because expires_at derives from the attacker-chosen exp, a forged copy of a genuine token that keeps the real jti but backdates exp yields a revocation row that is already expired: expunge_expired removes it and the genuine token passes revoked? again. Arbitrary jti and sub values can be inserted the same way. This issue affects ash_authentication: from 0.2.0 before 4.15.0 and from 5.0.0-rc.0 before 5.0.0-rc.14.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.9 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Team-alembic
Products
Ash Authentication
CVE-2026-19033

Unauthenticated IXFR deltas are applied to the live zone before TSIG verification

For a secondary zone with transfers restricted by TSIG, `named` may start to serve the data provided in a zone transfer before the final message with the TSIG signature arrives. This could allow an attacker that does not actually possess a valid TSIG signature to send unauthorized zone contents to a secondary server. Although no TSIG signature ever arrives, `named` does not rollback to the pre-transfer state. To exploit the vulnerability, the transfer must be a multi-message TCP IXFR, as described by RFC 8945. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.18.50, 9.20.0 through 9.20.27, 9.21.0 through 9.21.25, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.18.50-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.27-S1.

CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Isc
Products
Bind
CVE-2026-57098

Microsoft Remote Desktop App for Windows Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Improper verification of cryptographic signature in Windows RDP Client allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Microsoft
Products
Remote Desktop Remote Desktop Client
CVE-2026-79970

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature Enables Protection Mechanism Bypass in Dell Secure Connect Gateway 5.0

Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to protection mechanism bypass.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.6 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Dell
Products
Secure Connect Gateway
CVE-2026-28590

Improper Encryption Key Validation Allows Local Privilege Escalation in Android

In multiple locations, there is a possible improper encryption key validation due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.8 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Google
Products
Android
CVE-2026-39829

Invoking pathological RSA/DSA parameters may cause DoS in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

The RSA and DSA public key parsers did not enforce size limits on key parameters. A crafted public key with an excessively large modulus or DSA parameter could cause several minutes of CPU consumption during signature verification. This could be triggered by unauthenticated clients during public key authentication. RSA moduli are now limited to 8192 bits, and DSA parameters are validated per FIPS 186-2.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Golang
Products
Crypto Ssh
CVE-2026-13608

OpenLDAP SASL authentication bypass

A flaw in the libcurl SASL negotiation for LDAP authentication allows an incomplete handshake sequence to be misinterpreted as a successful cryptographic verification. An attacker executing a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack can inject a premature or shortcut response that bypasses complete peer validation.

CVSS 3.1 · 7.4 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Vendors
Curl Haxx
Products
Curl Curl