CVE-2026-45363

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "ruby-jwt", "vendor": "jwt", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "< 2.10.3"}, {"status": "affected", "version": ">= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0"}]}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "ruby-jwt es una implementaci\u00f3n en Ruby del est\u00e1ndar RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token. Antes de las versiones 2.10.3 y 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, \u2019\u2019, true, algorithm: \u2019HS256\u2019) acepta un token forjado por un atacante porque OpenSSL::HMAC.digest(\u2019SHA256\u2019, \u2019\u2019, payload) devuelve un digest v\u00e1lido con una clave vac\u00eda y no existe ninguna precondici\u00f3n de clave vac\u00eda en el algoritmo HMAC. Se alcanza la misma ruta cuando un bloque keyfinder o un argumento key_finder: devuelve una cadena vac\u00eda, nil, o un array que contiene nil para una clave desconocida, afectando la verificaci\u00f3n de HS256, HS384 y HS512 a trav\u00e9s de JWT.decode y JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. Este problema est\u00e1 solucionado en las versiones 2.10.3 y 3.2.0."}], "id": "CVE-2026-45363", "lastModified": "2026-10-24T22:10:00.210", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.1, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.2, "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-45363", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-07-15T13:24:12.081532Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-07-14T22:16:54.463", "references": [{"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/09/msg00022.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com", "vulnStatus": "Deferred", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-287"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-326"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-1391"}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "ruby-jwt: ruby-jwt: Authentication bypass due to empty key in HMAC verification", "id": "2500739", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2500739"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.4", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-347", "details": ["A flaw was found in ruby-jwt, a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token (JWT) standard. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious token that is accepted due to an empty key being used in the HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) digest calculation during token verification. This allows the attacker to bypass authentication and integrity checks, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation."], "name": "CVE-2026-45363", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "impact": "critical", "package_name": "chunkah", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rubygem-jwt", "product_name": "Red Hat Satellite 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "satellite-capsule:el8/rubygem-jwt", "product_name": "Red Hat Satellite 6"}], "public_date": "2026-07-14T21:32:26Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45363\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45363\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0\nhttps://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,2.10.3)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[3.0.0,3.2.0)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "ruby-jwt", "source": "cna", "vendor": "jwt"}, "product": "ruby-jwt", "vendor": "jwt"}], "created": "2026-07-16T01:30:04.051820+00:00", "updated": "2026-07-31T04:45:17.050723+00:00", "vendors": ["jwt", "jwt$PRODUCT$ruby-jwt"]}