CVE-2026-98231

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-98231", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.328Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n CPU 0 CPU 1\n find x on the device GC list\n drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n read x->xso.dev\n xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n xfrm_state_free(x)\n continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n Call Trace:\n xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n Allocated by task 87:\n xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n Freed by task 57:\n kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "versions": [{"version": "d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f", "lessThan": "937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "lessThan": "39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "lessThan": "75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "lessThan": "84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "lessThan": "89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.6.44", "lessThan": "6.6.158", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.10.3", "lessThan": "6.11", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.11", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.11", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.158", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.112", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.54", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.44", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.158"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.112"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.54"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.8"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10.3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"}], "title": "xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1", "status": "affected", "version": "d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201", "status": "affected", "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c", "status": "affected", "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6", "status": "affected", "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9", "status": "affected", "version": "07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.6.158", "status": "affected", "version": "6.6.44", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.11", "status": "affected", "version": "6.10.3", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.11"}, {"lessThan": "6.11", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.158", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.112", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.54", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2.8", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.3", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n CPU 0 CPU 1\n find x on the device GC list\n drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n read x->xso.dev\n xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n xfrm_state_free(x)\n continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n Call Trace:\n xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n Allocated by task 87:\n xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n Freed by task 57:\n kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering."}], "id": "CVE-2026-98231", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T10:18:23.883", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-10-06T09:18:10.540", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush", "id": "2546342", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2546342"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-825", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\nThe race can proceed as follows:\nCPU 0 CPU 1\nfind x on the device GC list\ndrop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\nread x->xso.dev\nxfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\nxfrm_dev_state_free(x)\nxfrm_state_free(x)\ncontinue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\nKASAN reported:\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\nCall Trace:\nxfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\nxfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\nxfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\nnotifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n__dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\nnetif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\ndev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\ndevinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\nAllocated by task 87:\nxfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\nxfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\nxfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\nFreed by task 57:\nkmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\nxfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\nprocess_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's IPsec (XFRM) subsystem. A race condition between device state flushing and background memory cleanup allows kernel memory to be accessed after it has already been freed. A local attacker could exploit this flaw during network device state changes to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by crashing the system or potentially escalate privileges."], "name": "CVE-2026-98231", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-10-06T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98231\nhttps://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git/plain/cve/published/2026/CVE-2026-98231.mbox"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f,937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009,39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009,75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009,84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009,89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.44,6.6.158)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.10.3,6.11)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "6.11"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,6.11)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.158,7.0.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.112,7.0.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.54,7.0.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.2.8,8.0.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.3-rc4,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-10-06T12:15:15.078573+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-10T01:45:15.415124+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-416", "CWE-825"]}