CVE-2026-98056

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-98056", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:19:56.072Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-25T10:24:02.919Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:54:18.340Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:54:18.340Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan\n\nnvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the\nreported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls\nnvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is\npresent. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per\nnamespace actually present.\n\nNSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a\nsingle gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove.\n\n watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s!\n Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core]\n RIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20\n Call Trace:\n nvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core]\n nvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core]\n nvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core]\n process_one_work+0x197/0x380\n worker_thread+0x2fe/0x410\n kthread+0xe0/0x100\n\nRename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range()\nand give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl->namespaces is\nsorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that\nstops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces\nthat are present instead of by the size of the gap."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The gap is taken from the NSID list in the controller's Identify Active Namespace List (CNS 02h) reply. Over NVMe/TCP a remote target writes that reply, and nvme_scan_ns_list() uses it without checks. A list such as {1, 0xFFFFFFFE} makes the 'while (++prev < nsid) nvme_ns_remove_by_nsid()' loop run about 4 billion times.\nAC:L - The target decides the NSID list, so the gap size is fully under its control and the spin happens every time. The target can also restart it on demand by sending a Namespace Attribute Changed AEN, which nvme_handle_aen_notice() turns into nvme_queue_scan().\nPR:N - No host credentials are needed. The data is the target's own Identify reply, which nvme_scan_work() reads automatically whenever the controller goes live or an AEN arrives.\nUI:N - Once the host is connected, the target sets off the scan itself (at connect or via its own AEN). No user on the host has to do anything.\nS:U - The damage stays inside the host kernel's NVMe core scan worker. No VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The loop only looks up and removes namespaces with nvme_find_get_ns() and nvme_ns_remove(). Nothing is read out of bounds and no memory is disclosed.\nI:N - No memory is corrupted. The fix only bounds how much work the stale-namespace removal does, and the old code removed the right namespaces, just far too slowly.\nA:H - nvme_scan_work pins a CPU for about 2^32 SRCU lookups with no cond_resched(), which causes a soft lockup (a panic if softlockup_panic is set) while holding ctrl->scan_lock. Repeated AENs keep it going, which stalls namespace management and controller teardown."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/nvme/host/core.c"], "versions": [{"version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "lessThan": "e6a94b2c4c80a38002346ce915a9b9a3d478a3e6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "lessThan": "c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "lessThan": "f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "lessThan": "52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "lessThan": "4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/nvme/host/core.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.111", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.53", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.111"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.53"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "7.3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e6a94b2c4c80a38002346ce915a9b9a3d478a3e6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011"}], "title": "nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/nvme/host/core.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "e6a94b2c4c80a38002346ce915a9b9a3d478a3e6", "status": "affected", "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897", "status": "affected", "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4", "status": "affected", "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2", "status": "affected", "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011", "status": "affected", "version": "540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/nvme/host/core.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.5"}, {"lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.111", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.53", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2.7", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.3", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan\n\nnvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the\nreported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls\nnvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is\npresent. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per\nnamespace actually present.\n\nNSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a\nsingle gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove.\n\n watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s!\n Workqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core]\n RIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20\n Call Trace:\n nvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core]\n nvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core]\n nvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core]\n process_one_work+0x197/0x380\n worker_thread+0x2fe/0x410\n kthread+0xe0/0x100\n\nRename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range()\nand give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl->namespaces is\nsorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that\nstops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces\nthat are present instead of by the size of the gap."}], "id": "CVE-2026-98056", "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:21:20.620", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-09-25T11:17:34.547", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e6a94b2c4c80a38002346ce915a9b9a3d478a3e6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Undergoing Analysis"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: nvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan", "id": "2541129", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2541129"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-606", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnvme: remove stale namespaces by NSID range during scan\nnvme_scan_ns_list() drops the stale namespaces in each gap in the\nreported NSID list one NSID at a time. Every iteration calls\nnvme_find_get_ns() to look the namespace up and removes it if it is\npresent. The loop runs once per NSID in the gap rather than once per\nnamespace actually present.\nNSIDs are 32-bit, so a target with a sparse NSID space can make a\nsingle gap spin the loop billions of times with nothing to remove.\nwatchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#4 stuck for 26s!\nWorkqueue: nvme-wq nvme_scan_work [nvme_core]\nRIP: 0010:__srcu_read_unlock+0xb/0x20\nCall Trace:\nnvme_find_get_ns+0x7d/0xb0 [nvme_core]\nnvme_scan_ns_list+0xe8/0x280 [nvme_core]\nnvme_scan_work+0x18a/0x280 [nvme_core]\nprocess_one_work+0x197/0x380\nworker_thread+0x2fe/0x410\nkthread+0xe0/0x100\nRename nvme_remove_invalid_namespaces() to nvme_remove_nsid_range()\nand give it an open (start, end) NSID range. ctrl->namespaces is\nsorted by NSID, so the whole gap is dropped in a single walk that\nstops once end is reached. This bounds the work by the namespaces\nthat are present instead of by the size of the gap.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) driver, which can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS). When scanning for storage namespaces, the driver iterates through gaps between namespace identifiers individually instead of processing only registered devices. A malicious or misconfigured NVMe storage device with sparsely allocated identifiers can force the system into an extensive loop, causing a CPU soft lockup that leaves the system unresponsive."], "name": "CVE-2026-98056", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-09-25T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98056\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-98056\nhttps://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/security/vulns.git/plain/cve/published/2026/CVE-2026-98056.mbox"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33,c84ad7407fb16b92d9b7a649cc304a9cf3757897)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33,f56b2bb4b18b017b056c4c17c66b2c4c54bf6ee4)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33,52200fc41a79da430ccf7c126ed837535b087ea2)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[540c801c65eb58e05e0ca38b6fd644a83d7e2b33,4ed7f3d7d435bf5b63da2814dc9270f5ba896011)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "4.5"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,4.5)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.12.111,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.18.53,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.2.7,7.3.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.3-rc2,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-09-25T17:30:17.001763+00:00", "updated": "2026-09-29T20:45:20.495891+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-606", "CWE-770"]}