CVE-2026-92485

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-92485", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-09-16T12:21:13.870Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-17T16:10:00.999Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:35:38.840Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:35:38.840Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix WARNING in bpf_tracing_link_release\n\nThe trampoline could be corrupted by the blindly\n'tr->flags = BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX' in verifier.\n\n1. A fexit attached to a tail_call_reachable prog. 'tr->flags' became\n 'BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG | BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX'. And, the\n trampoline would poke the target prog's nop insn using jmp insn instead\n of call insn.\n2. Another fexit loaded with the same tail_call_reachable prog target.\n 'tr->flags' became 'BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX'.\n3. Close the first fexit link. Due to no BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG in\n 'tr->flags', the trampoline will fail to restore the prog's nop insn\n using call insn.\n\n[ 3.410719] WARNING: kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3551 at bpf_tracing_link_release+0x53/0x60, CPU#1: test_progs/98\n...\n[ 3.428793] bpf_link_free+0x58/0x130\n[ 3.429293] bpf_link_release+0x23/0x30\n\nFix the warning by updating 'tr->flags' with '|=' and lock."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The trigger is local bpf() only: BPF_PROG_LOAD of a tail_call_reachable target plus two BPF_TRACE_FEXIT programs (check_attach_btf_id overwrites tr->flags), BPF_LINK_CREATE via bpf_tracing_prog_attach, then close() of the first link into bpf_tracing_link_release. No remote protocol carries the malformed state.\nAC:L - After the first fexit attach, bpf_trampoline_update sets BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG and bpf_arch_text_poke installs a JMP (bpf_trampoline_use_jmp). A second BPF_PROG_LOAD then does tr->flags = BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX in check_attach_btf_id; closing the first link hits the JMP-vs-CALL mismatch. The attacker owns both loads and the close; CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_JMP is def_bool y on x86_64.\nPR:L - bpf_prog_load() of BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACING/BPF_TRACE_FEXIT requires CAP_BPF and, via is_perfmon_prog_type(), CAP_PERFMON; bpf_token_capable() with a delegated BPF token grants those into a non-init user namespace, so this is not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads both fexit programs, attaches the first with BPF_LINK_CREATE/bpf_tracing_prog_attach, and closes that link fd themselves; no victim mount, open, or other action is required.\nS:U - The leftover JMP in the target program and the use-after-free of fexit1's JIT image stay inside host kernel BPF trampoline code; they do not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Failed bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog() leaves the target's 5-byte slot as a JMP into the trampoline image that still calls fexit1->bpf_func, while bpf_link_free()\u2192bpf_link_dealloc() immediately bpf_prog_put()s fexit1 (no dealloc_deferred). After bpf_jit_free(), later target invocations read that freed executable image.\nI:H - The same dangling trampoline CALL into fexit1's freed JIT pages is an executable use-after-free; the attacker controls the fexit program and can spray replacement JIT text at that address, hijacking kernel control flow when the target program runs.\nA:H - bpf_tracing_link_release() WARN_ON_ONCE()s the failed bpf_trampoline_unlink_prog() after bpf_arch_text_poke() rejects the JMP-vs-CALL restore. Running the target afterward jumps to the trampoline and calls the freed fexit JIT, causing a kernel paging fault/oops."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/linux/bpf.h", "kernel/bpf/trampoline.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "605c8d8f9966fcd2f0b858fabebe416fc83f2209", "lessThan": "1757598b3804f7cb35b5b5e02558f6d8b9c2f254", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "8f873cc3f67f2257493063e57d0caf07ef889ee9", "lessThan": "a5c6316052f0ff1467221ecf2996cbab0a496b1e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "lessThan": "d02035c5eb4955616efc5c6dbe3d98f19d798cb2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "lessThan": "094f0a895cf97a993d06d5dc4c12e7cb7da845a5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "lessThan": "48a0209d8da0d90a7b0a0db19d1ff88027b13781", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "lessThan": "61aaa8782bec59ecffd22e030f54ef9351bcabf9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "028480eaf2a1401e914a1fa1a4a21d877cf0ae30", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.1.72", "lessThan": "6.1.191", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.2", "lessThan": "6.6.160", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.5.12", "lessThan": "6.6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/linux/bpf.h", "kernel/bpf/trampoline.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.7", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.7", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.57", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.72", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.2", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.57"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.6"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7", "versionEndExcluding": "7.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.5.12"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1757598b3804f7cb35b5b5e02558f6d8b9c2f254"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5c6316052f0ff1467221ecf2996cbab0a496b1e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02035c5eb4955616efc5c6dbe3d98f19d798cb2"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/094f0a895cf97a993d06d5dc4c12e7cb7da845a5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48a0209d8da0d90a7b0a0db19d1ff88027b13781"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61aaa8782bec59ecffd22e030f54ef9351bcabf9"}], "title": "bpf: Fix WARNING in bpf_tracing_link_release", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["include/linux/bpf.h", "kernel/bpf/trampoline.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1757598b3804f7cb35b5b5e02558f6d8b9c2f254", "status": "affected", "version": "605c8d8f9966fcd2f0b858fabebe416fc83f2209", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "a5c6316052f0ff1467221ecf2996cbab0a496b1e", "status": "affected", "version": "8f873cc3f67f2257493063e57d0caf07ef889ee9", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d02035c5eb4955616efc5c6dbe3d98f19d798cb2", "status": "affected", "version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "094f0a895cf97a993d06d5dc4c12e7cb7da845a5", "status": "affected", "version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "48a0209d8da0d90a7b0a0db19d1ff88027b13781", "status": "affected", "version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "61aaa8782bec59ecffd22e030f54ef9351bcabf9", "status": "affected", "version": "2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "028480eaf2a1401e914a1fa1a4a21d877cf0ae30", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.1.191", "status": "affected", "version": "6.1.72", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.6.160", "status": "affected", "version": "6.6.2", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.6", "status": "affected", "version": "6.5.12", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["include/linux/bpf.h", "kernel/bpf/trampoline.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.7"}, {"lessThan": "6.7", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.57", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.3", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix WARNING in bpf_tracing_link_release\n\nThe trampoline could be corrupted by the blindly\n'tr->flags = BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX' in verifier.\n\n1. A fexit attached to a tail_call_reachable prog. 'tr->flags' became\n 'BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG | BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX'. And, the\n trampoline would poke the target prog's nop insn using jmp insn instead\n of call insn.\n2. Another fexit loaded with the same tail_call_reachable prog target.\n 'tr->flags' became 'BPF_TRAMP_F_TAIL_CALL_CTX'.\n3. Close the first fexit link. Due to no BPF_TRAMP_F_CALL_ORIG in\n 'tr->flags', the trampoline will fail to restore the prog's nop insn\n using call insn.\n\n[ 3.410719] WARNING: kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3551 at bpf_tracing_link_release+0x53/0x60, CPU#1: test_progs/98\n...\n[ 3.428793] bpf_link_free+0x58/0x130\n[ 3.429293] bpf_link_release+0x23/0x30\n\nFix the warning by updating 'tr->flags' with '|=' and lock."}], "id": "CVE-2026-92485", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:20:55.017", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-09-17T17:17:50.590", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/094f0a895cf97a993d06d5dc4c12e7cb7da845a5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1757598b3804f7cb35b5b5e02558f6d8b9c2f254"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48a0209d8da0d90a7b0a0db19d1ff88027b13781"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61aaa8782bec59ecffd22e030f54ef9351bcabf9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5c6316052f0ff1467221ecf2996cbab0a496b1e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d02035c5eb4955616efc5c6dbe3d98f19d798cb2"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544,48a0209d8da0d90a7b0a0db19d1ff88027b13781)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2b5dcb31a19a2e0acd869b12c9db9b2d696ef544,61aaa8782bec59ecffd22e030f54ef9351bcabf9)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "605c8d8f9966fcd2f0b858fabebe416fc83f2209"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "028480eaf2a1401e914a1fa1a4a21d877cf0ae30"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "8f873cc3f67f2257493063e57d0caf07ef889ee9"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.1.72,6.2)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.5.12,6.6)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.2,6.7)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "6.7"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,6.7)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.2.6,7.3.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.3-rc1,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-09-19T12:15:17.380583+00:00", "updated": "2026-09-20T01:00:13.039648+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-362", "CWE-119"]}