CVE-2026-74695

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syzbot reproduced this without uncontrollable races.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only sending network traffic through an already deployed nftables flow-offload path on an ingress device; no local account, authentication, or CAP_NET_ADMIN on the victim is needed to trigger the leak.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required beyond normal network delivery; packets are processed automatically in softirq on the netdev ingress netfilter hook without opening files or mounting filesystems.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel refcount imbalance and availability degradation on the affected host; this is standard in-kernel compromise territory, not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-authority scope change.\nC:N - The flaw leaks a dst_entry reference by overwriting skb->_skb_refdst without releasing the prior dst; it does not expose kernel memory or provide an arbitrary read primitive.\nI:N - No unauthorized data modification occurs; the skb is forwarded using the intended flowtable destination while the previous dst reference is orphaned, not corrupted into a controllable write primitive.\nA:H - Each matching packet leaks a dst_entry refcount on the flowtable fast path, enabling sustained unauthenticated remote memory exhaustion on high-volume routers; CONFIG_DEBUG_NET builds also emit WARN_ON_ONCE during the overwrite."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "763f59b72ddaf18d0750d53083a74355f6c003c8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "4db3b48a966ed479b99cc8319ea9e46d4f7c703b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "274f544a32c08638ee887f2e27e3235b6b1237d4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "b4b1adf2e66ecc7125c4117e7aad9ff61e2cfd27", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "209dedf806d31095968f54323dbe62525b077b33", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4.16.15", "lessThan": "4.17", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "4.17.1", "lessThan": "4.18", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.18", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.18", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.45", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1.9", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.45"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.16.15"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.17.1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/763f59b72ddaf18d0750d53083a74355f6c003c8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4db3b48a966ed479b99cc8319ea9e46d4f7c703b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/274f544a32c08638ee887f2e27e3235b6b1237d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0"}], "title": "netfilter: nf_flow_table: drop existing skb dst before skb_dst_set_noref()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-74695", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T19:14:42.839344Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T19:16:09.664Z"}}]}}

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APIs.\nAC:L - Once a flowtable ingress hook and offloaded TCP/UDP flow exist, an attacker can reliably send matching traffic that reaches FLOW_OFFLOAD_XMIT_NEIGH or the XFRM offload path with a ref-counted skb dst; syzbot reproduced this without uncontrollable races.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only sending network traffic through an already deployed nftables flow-offload path on an ingress device; no local account, authentication, or CAP_NET_ADMIN on the victim is needed to trigger the leak.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required beyond normal network delivery; packets are processed automatically in softirq on the netdev ingress netfilter hook without opening files or mounting filesystems.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel refcount imbalance and availability degradation on the affected host; this is standard in-kernel compromise territory, not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-authority scope change.\nC:N - The flaw leaks a dst_entry reference by overwriting skb->_skb_refdst without releasing the prior dst; it does not expose kernel memory or provide an arbitrary read primitive.\nI:N - No unauthorized data modification occurs; the skb is forwarded using the intended flowtable destination while the previous dst reference is orphaned, not corrupted into a controllable write primitive.\nA:H - Each matching packet leaks a dst_entry refcount on the flowtable fast path, enabling sustained unauthenticated remote memory exhaustion on high-volume routers; CONFIG_DEBUG_NET builds also emit WARN_ON_ONCE during the overwrite."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "763f59b72ddaf18d0750d53083a74355f6c003c8", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "4db3b48a966ed479b99cc8319ea9e46d4f7c703b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "274f544a32c08638ee887f2e27e3235b6b1237d4", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02", "lessThan": "8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "b4b1adf2e66ecc7125c4117e7aad9ff61e2cfd27", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "209dedf806d31095968f54323dbe62525b077b33", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.16.15", "lessThan": "4.17", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4.17.1", "lessThan": "4.18", "versionType": "semver"}], "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.18"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.18", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.45", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.9", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/763f59b72ddaf18d0750d53083a74355f6c003c8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4db3b48a966ed479b99cc8319ea9e46d4f7c703b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/274f544a32c08638ee887f2e27e3235b6b1237d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_flow_table: drop existing skb dst before skb_dst_set_noref()\n\nIncoming skbs passing through netfilter flowtable offload hooks (or XFRM\noffload path) might already carry a ref-counted dst_entry assigned during\nearlier RX or routing steps.\n\nCalling skb_dst_set_noref() when skb already holds a ref-counted dst\noverwrites skb->_skb_refdst, leaking the previous dst_entry reference\ncount and triggering a DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE assertion in\nskb_dst_check_unset():\n\n WARNING: at skb_dst_check_unset include/linux/skbuff.h:1170\n WARNING: at skb_dst_set_noref include/linux/skbuff.h:1234\n WARNING: at nf_flow_offload_ip_hook+0xf6c/0x2b60 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c:864\n\nDrop any existing dst_entry reference with skb_dst_drop(skb) before\nsetting the non-referenced flowtable destination."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191", "versionStartIncluding": "4.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160", "versionStartIncluding": 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routing steps.\n\nCalling skb_dst_set_noref() when skb already holds a ref-counted dst\noverwrites skb->_skb_refdst, leaking the previous dst_entry reference\ncount and triggering a DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE assertion in\nskb_dst_check_unset():\n\n WARNING: at skb_dst_check_unset include/linux/skbuff.h:1170\n WARNING: at skb_dst_set_noref include/linux/skbuff.h:1234\n WARNING: at nf_flow_offload_ip_hook+0xf6c/0x2b60 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c:864\n\nDrop any existing dst_entry reference with skb_dst_drop(skb) before\nsetting the non-referenced flowtable destination."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnetfilter: nf_flow_table: descartar el dst de skb existente antes de skb_dst_set_noref()\n\nLos skbs entrantes que pasan por los hooks de descarga de la tabla de flujos de netfilter (o la ruta de descarga de XFRM) podr\u00edan ya llevar un dst_entry con contador de referencias asignado durante pasos anteriores de RX o enrutamiento.\n\nLlamar a skb_dst_set_noref() cuando el skb ya contiene un dst con contador de referencias sobrescribe skb -> _skb_refdst, filtrando el contador de referencias del dst_entry anterior y disparando una aserci\u00f3n DEBUG_NET_WARN_ON_ONCE en skb_dst_check_unset():\n\n ADVERTENCIA: en skb_dst_check_unset include/linux/skbuff.h:1170\n ADVERTENCIA: en skb_dst_set_noref include/linux/skbuff.h:1234\n ADVERTENCIA: en nf_flow_offload_ip_hook+0xf6c/0x2b60 net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ip.c:864\n\nDescartar cualquier referencia de dst_entry existente con skb_dst_drop(skb) antes de establecer el destino de la tabla de flujos sin referencias."}], "id": "CVE-2026-74695", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:20:04.100", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-74695", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T19:14:42.839344Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-08-22T16:16:44.050", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/274f544a32c08638ee887f2e27e3235b6b1237d4"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4db3b48a966ed479b99cc8319ea9e46d4f7c703b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/763f59b72ddaf18d0750d53083a74355f6c003c8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: nf_flow_table: drop existing skb dst before skb_dst_set_noref()", "id": "2521382", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2521382"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-911", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's netfilter flow table. When processing network packets, a reference count leak can occur if a packet already has a destination entry and skb_dst_set_noref() is called. This issue can lead to a kernel warning, potentially causing system instability or a denial of service (DoS) for affected systems."], "name": "CVE-2026-74695", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-08-22T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-74695\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-74695\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026082234-CVE-2026-74695-dd6d@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02,12afa450a6a6c0cce2c42b7545a9958f62d8a00c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02,538e67e8c7889cf5f93951f5309d1bcb41f86036)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[2a79fd3908acd88e6cb0e620c314d7b1fee56a02,8aecf0bbcc72605592134c917c222207d8f63ab0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[b4b1adf2e66ecc7125c4117e7aad9ff61e2cfd27,*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[209dedf806d31095968f54323dbe62525b077b33,*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[4.16.15,4.17)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[4.17.1,4.18)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[4.18,*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,4.18)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[6.18.45,6.18.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.1.9,7.1.*]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.2,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-08-22T19:15:03.627492+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-25T08:45:04.246343+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}