CVE-2026-72028

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-72028", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.901Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:51:51.868Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:28:45.873Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:28:45.873Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline\n\nReading a word from the stack in a kretprobe crashes a risc-v kernel.\n\n$ cd /sys/kernel/tracing/\n$ echo 'r n_tty_write $stack0' > dynamic_events\n$ echo 1 > events/kprobes/enable\nUnable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000200000128\n...\n[<ffffffff80016d16>] regs_get_kernel_stack_nth+0x26/0x38\n[<ffffffff80177196>] process_fetch_insn+0x3ee/0x760\n[<ffffffff80177836>] kretprobe_trace_func+0x116/0x1f0\n[<ffffffff8017795a>] kretprobe_dispatcher+0x4a/0x58\n[<ffffffff8013572e>] kretprobe_rethook_handler+0x5e/0x90\n[<ffffffff80180838>] rethook_trampoline_handler+0x70/0x108\n[<ffffffff8001ba32>] arch_rethook_trampoline_callback+0x12/0x1c\n[<ffffffff8001ba84>] arch_rethook_trampoline+0x48/0x94\n[<ffffffff8067872a>] tty_write+0x1a/0x30\n\nIn regs_get_kernel_stack_nth, regs->sp contains an arbitrary value.\n\narch_rethook_trampoline saves the registers from the probed function in a\nstruct pt_regs. sp is not saved. Instead, sp is decremented for\narch_rethook_trampoline's local stack.\n\nFix this crash and save the original sp along with the other registers.\nUse a0 as a temporary register, it is overwritten anyway.\n\n[pjw@kernel.org: added Fixes tag; cc'ed stable]"}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S"], "versions": [{"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "d21109fe4a55247094f913773a334772907cd016", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "lessThan": "bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S"], "versions": [{"version": "5.12", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.145", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.97", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.40", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d21109fe4a55247094f913773a334772907cd016"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e"}], "title": "riscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "d21109fe4a55247094f913773a334772907cd016", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e", "status": "affected", "version": "c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/rethook_trampoline.S"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.12"}, {"lessThan": "5.12", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.145", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.97", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.40", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline\n\nReading a word from the stack in a kretprobe crashes a risc-v kernel.\n\n$ cd /sys/kernel/tracing/\n$ echo 'r n_tty_write $stack0' > dynamic_events\n$ echo 1 > events/kprobes/enable\nUnable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000200000128\n...\n[<ffffffff80016d16>] regs_get_kernel_stack_nth+0x26/0x38\n[<ffffffff80177196>] process_fetch_insn+0x3ee/0x760\n[<ffffffff80177836>] kretprobe_trace_func+0x116/0x1f0\n[<ffffffff8017795a>] kretprobe_dispatcher+0x4a/0x58\n[<ffffffff8013572e>] kretprobe_rethook_handler+0x5e/0x90\n[<ffffffff80180838>] rethook_trampoline_handler+0x70/0x108\n[<ffffffff8001ba32>] arch_rethook_trampoline_callback+0x12/0x1c\n[<ffffffff8001ba84>] arch_rethook_trampoline+0x48/0x94\n[<ffffffff8067872a>] tty_write+0x1a/0x30\n\nIn regs_get_kernel_stack_nth, regs->sp contains an arbitrary value.\n\narch_rethook_trampoline saves the registers from the probed function in a\nstruct pt_regs. sp is not saved. Instead, sp is decremented for\narch_rethook_trampoline's local stack.\n\nFix this crash and save the original sp along with the other registers.\nUse a0 as a temporary register, it is overwritten anyway.\n\n[pjw@kernel.org: added Fixes tag; cc'ed stable]"}], "id": "CVE-2026-72028", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:19:46.780", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-08-15T06:21:01.953", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d21109fe4a55247094f913773a334772907cd016"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: riscv: probes: save original sp in rethook trampoline", "id": "2516665", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2516665"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-824", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's kretprobe (kernel return probe) functionality on RISC-V architectures. A local attacker can trigger a kernel crash by attempting to read from the stack within a kretprobe. This occurs because the arch_rethook_trampoline does not correctly save the original stack pointer, leading to an arbitrary value being used when reading from the stack. Successful exploitation results in a Denial of Service (DoS) due to the kernel crashing."], "name": "CVE-2026-72028", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72028\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72028\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026081511-CVE-2026-72028-749b@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5,5da5cf48a432e30ded8d58087854e5383a36eff1)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5,c386e1c591d72eab58ee2e69105c8cbc70928857)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5,2faf0198168d2017cb528a79f76c560fda3b6e94)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5,91b4d76dd07f1a1f20f73dfebb42ba04ac911a56)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[c22b0bcb1dd024cb9caad9230e3a387d8b061df5,bc7b086a45521a986a49045907f017e3e46c763e)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "5.12"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,5.12)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.145,6.7.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.97,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.40,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.1.5,7.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.2-rc2,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-08-15T09:45:03.367114+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-18T01:45:05.062362+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-788", "CWE-824"]}