CVE-2026-63996

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We need to\nprotect from long ones, too. All callers that pass a non-zero\nrpl_exp_len cast the reply payload to a fixed-layout struct\nand read fields at fixed offsets, with no version negotiation\nor short-reply handling:\n\n - cmis_cdb_validate_password()\n - cmis_cdb_module_features_get()\n - cmis_fw_update_fw_mng_features_get()\n\nso let's assume that responses longer than expected do not\nhave to be handled gracefully here. Add a warning message\nto make the debug easier in case my understanding is wrong...\n\nNote that page_data->length (argument of kmalloc) comes from\nlast arg to ethtool_cmis_page_init() which is rpl_exp_len.\n\nNote2 that AIs also like to point out overflows in args->req.payload\nitself (which is a fixed-size 120 B buffer, on the stack),\nbut callers should be reading structs defined by the standard,\nso protecting from requests for more data than max seem like\ndefensive programming."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only via the local ethtool genetlink firmware-flash path (ETHTOOL_MSG_MODULE_FW_FLASH_ACT), not from remote network input; a malicious transceiver supplies the malformed CDB reply once that local ioctl-like operation is invoked.\nAC:L - A malicious CMIS module can reliably set rpl_len up to 255 on CDB replies; no race or uncontrollable memory layout is required, and an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN can bring the netdev down and initiate flashing deterministically.\nPR:L - Triggering module firmware flash requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which is enforced via GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM/netlink_ns_capable and is obtainable by unprivileged users inside a user namespace (unshare -Urn), not only by init-namespace root.\nUI:N - Exploitation does not require a separate victim user action beyond the attacker (or compromised local process with CAP_NET_ADMIN) issuing the ethtool module firmware-flash command; no interactive victim steps are needed.\nS:U - Impact is kernel stack corruption and potential privilege escalation or denial of service within the same kernel security boundary; this is not a VM escape, sandbox escape, or cross-authority boundary crossing.\nC:H - The out-of-bounds stack write corrupts adjacent kernel stack memory and can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure; related CMIS ethtool bugs in the same path have already caused demonstrable stack corruption.\nI:H - memcpy() can write up to 135 bytes past the 120-byte payload buffer on the kernel stack, enabling control-data corruption and potential arbitrary kernel code execution, not merely a bounded modification.\nA:H - Stack corruption in this CMIS firmware-flash workqueue path can trigger kernel oops/panic (as seen in the related CVE-2025-37791 stack-protector failure in the same call chain) or hang the affected system."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ethtool/cmis_cdb.c"], "versions": [{"version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/ethtool/cmis_cdb.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.11", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.11", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.93", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.35", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0.12", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.93"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.35"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.12"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1"}], "title": "ethtool: cmis: require exact CDB reply length", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-63996", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:34:56.047648Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-787", "description": "CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write"}]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T20:18:01.872Z"}}]}}

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no race or uncontrollable memory layout is required, and an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN can bring the netdev down and initiate flashing deterministically.\nPR:L - Triggering module firmware flash requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, which is enforced via GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM/netlink_ns_capable and is obtainable by unprivileged users inside a user namespace (unshare -Urn), not only by init-namespace root.\nUI:N - Exploitation does not require a separate victim user action beyond the attacker (or compromised local process with CAP_NET_ADMIN) issuing the ethtool module firmware-flash command; no interactive victim steps are needed.\nS:U - Impact is kernel stack corruption and potential privilege escalation or denial of service within the same kernel security boundary; this is not a VM escape, sandbox escape, or cross-authority boundary crossing.\nC:H - The out-of-bounds stack write corrupts adjacent kernel stack memory and can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure; related CMIS ethtool bugs in the same path have already caused demonstrable stack corruption.\nI:H - memcpy() can write up to 135 bytes past the 120-byte payload buffer on the kernel stack, enabling control-data corruption and potential arbitrary kernel code execution, not merely a bounded modification.\nA:H - Stack corruption in this CMIS firmware-flash workqueue path can trigger kernel oops/panic (as seen in the related CVE-2025-37791 stack-protector failure in the same call chain) or hang the affected system."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291", "lessThan": "6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["net/ethtool/cmis_cdb.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.11"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.11", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.93", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.35", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0.12", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["net/ethtool/cmis_cdb.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nethtool: cmis: require exact CDB reply length\n\nMalicious SFP module could respond with rpl_len longer than\nwhat cmis_cdb_process_reply() expected, leading to OOB writes.\nMalicious HW is a bit theoretical but some modules may just\nbe buggy and/or the reads may occasionally get corrupted,\nso let's protect the kernel.\n\nThe existing check protects from short replies. 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Add a warning message\nto make the debug easier in case my understanding is wrong...\n\nNote that page_data->length (argument of kmalloc) comes from\nlast arg to ethtool_cmis_page_init() which is rpl_exp_len.\n\nNote2 that AIs also like to point out overflows in args->req.payload\nitself (which is a fixed-size 120 B buffer, on the stack),\nbut callers should be reading structs defined by the standard,\nso protecting from requests for more data than max seem like\ndefensive programming."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.93", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.35", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.12", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.1", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:38:00.530Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-63996", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T15:42:17.393Z", "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.026Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:56:15.256Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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We need to\nprotect from long ones, too. All callers that pass a non-zero\nrpl_exp_len cast the reply payload to a fixed-layout struct\nand read fields at fixed offsets, with no version negotiation\nor short-reply handling:\n\n - cmis_cdb_validate_password()\n - cmis_cdb_module_features_get()\n - cmis_fw_update_fw_mng_features_get()\n\nso let's assume that responses longer than expected do not\nhave to be handled gracefully here. Add a warning message\nto make the debug easier in case my understanding is wrong...\n\nNote that page_data->length (argument of kmalloc) comes from\nlast arg to ethtool_cmis_page_init() which is rpl_exp_len.\n\nNote2 that AIs also like to point out overflows in args->req.payload\nitself (which is a fixed-size 120 B buffer, on the stack),\nbut callers should be reading structs defined by the standard,\nso protecting from requests for more data than max seem like\ndefensive programming."}], "id": "CVE-2026-63996", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:17:17.693", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-63996", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:34:56.047648Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-07-19T16:17:39.170", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-787"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-787"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: ethtool: cmis: require exact CDB reply length", "id": "2502420", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2502420"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-787", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nethtool: cmis: require exact CDB reply length\nMalicious SFP module could respond with rpl_len longer than\nwhat cmis_cdb_process_reply() expected, leading to OOB writes.\nMalicious HW is a bit theoretical but some modules may just\nbe buggy and/or the reads may occasionally get corrupted,\nso let's protect the kernel.\nThe existing check protects from short replies. We need to\nprotect from long ones, too. All callers that pass a non-zero\nrpl_exp_len cast the reply payload to a fixed-layout struct\nand read fields at fixed offsets, with no version negotiation\nor short-reply handling:\n- cmis_cdb_validate_password()\n- cmis_cdb_module_features_get()\n- cmis_fw_update_fw_mng_features_get()\nso let's assume that responses longer than expected do not\nhave to be handled gracefully here. Add a warning message\nto make the debug easier in case my understanding is wrong...\nNote that page_data->length (argument of kmalloc) comes from\nlast arg to ethtool_cmis_page_init() which is rpl_exp_len.\nNote2 that AIs also like to point out overflows in args->req.payload\nitself (which is a fixed-size 120 B buffer, on the stack),\nbut callers should be reading structs defined by the standard,\nso protecting from requests for more data than max seem like\ndefensive programming.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ethtool CMIS (Common Management Interface Specification) module. A malicious SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable) module could provide a reply with a length longer than expected, leading to an out-of-bounds write. This vulnerability can result in memory corruption within the kernel, potentially compromising system stability or integrity."], "name": "CVE-2026-63996", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-07-19T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63996\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63996\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026071905-CVE-2026-63996-cc5e@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291,2f818cc98fd2c63a08239cb48995f6c3bfe9d9b3)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291,4d42fb88ec61f2e98c33a9e3a2de371d5edbc6b1)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291,eb5dcd740cd7fa27bc2caeff2d28ef28e93ff4d3)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[a39c84d796254e6b1662ca0c46dbc313379e9291,6c3f999a9d1338c6c89a9ff4549eafe72bc2e7b1)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "6.11"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,6.11)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.93,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.35,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.0.12,7.1.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.1,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-07-21T06:45:02.909183+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-04T18:15:03.356513+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}