CVE-2026-63925

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An attacker that captures\nthe legitimate frame carrying pn == 0xFFFFFFFF on an XPN association\ncan then replay it indefinitely, since lowest_pn never rises above\nthe captured pn and macsec_decrypt() reconstructs the same IV.\n\nExtend the XPN else-if to also fire when pn + 1 wraps to 0, so receipt\nof pn == U32_MAX advances next_pn_halves to (upper + 1, 0)."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:A - MACsec processes attacker-supplied Ethernet frames via netdev rx_handler on the underlying link; exploitation requires L2 adjacency on the same broadcast domain or point-to-point MACsec link, not remote Internet reachability.\nAC:L - Once XPN with replay protection is deployed, an on-link attacker can passively capture the single legitimate frame at PN 0xFFFFFFFF and then replay it reliably and indefinitely without races or conditions outside their control.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only the ability to send or replay Ethernet frames on the MACsec link; no local privileges, capabilities, or authentication on the victim Linux host are needed.\nUI:N - Replay injection is fully attacker-driven after capturing the target frame; no victim user or administrator action is required during exploitation.\nS:U - The flaw bypasses MACsec replay protection within the kernel network stack and does not cross a security boundary such as a VM, container, or IOMMU isolation domain.\nC:N - This is a replay-protection logic flaw, not a memory corruption or decryption weakness; the attacker replays already-captured ciphertext and gains no new confidentiality beyond what passive capture already provided.\nI:H - Bypassing replay protection allows unlimited re-injection of previously authenticated payloads into the controlled port, defeating MACsec's integrity guarantees and enabling repeated delivery of captured control or data traffic on automotive, industrial, and datacenter MACsec links.\nA:H - The commit confirms captured frames can be replayed indefinitely, enabling sustained injection of decrypted traffic that can overwhelm the receiver and deny service to legitimate peers on the protected link."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/macsec.c"], "versions": [{"version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "dd7306779c6ce1238f4cdc34f3c1f2246b854457", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "d15130461df388136b62a7b0ce9f66e7e2fa9ff1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "23c0e230eab397d7f68be2538790ac41d3bb91fd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": 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"bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-63925", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:33:35.580266Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-190", "description": "CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound"}]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T20:17:57.078Z"}}]}}

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Once XPN with replay protection is deployed, an on-link attacker can passively capture the single legitimate frame at PN 0xFFFFFFFF and then replay it reliably and indefinitely without races or conditions outside their control.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only the ability to send or replay Ethernet frames on the MACsec link; no local privileges, capabilities, or authentication on the victim Linux host are needed.\nUI:N - Replay injection is fully attacker-driven after capturing the target frame; no victim user or administrator action is required during exploitation.\nS:U - The flaw bypasses MACsec replay protection within the kernel network stack and does not cross a security boundary such as a VM, container, or IOMMU isolation domain.\nC:N - This is a replay-protection logic flaw, not a memory corruption or decryption weakness; the attacker replays already-captured ciphertext and gains no new confidentiality beyond what passive capture already provided.\nI:H - Bypassing replay protection allows unlimited re-injection of previously authenticated payloads into the controlled port, defeating MACsec's integrity guarantees and enabling repeated delivery of captured control or data traffic on automotive, industrial, and datacenter MACsec links.\nA:H - The commit confirms captured frames can be replayed indefinitely, enabling sustained injection of decrypted traffic that can overwhelm the receiver and deny service to legitimate peers on the protected link."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "dd7306779c6ce1238f4cdc34f3c1f2246b854457", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "d15130461df388136b62a7b0ce9f66e7e2fa9ff1", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "23c0e230eab397d7f68be2538790ac41d3bb91fd", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "679e13a65e68a67c8b3c0467c02ee89157ec6f0f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "79495a1b0944fe31ffd54b54b00211b493590d62", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "6d00f5c7e5ff7ec4795b7f5f8ed88bd346641652", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "d55acbe577db892b60547b6ef1c020b359331a6d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a21ecf0e033807b976967286e6c392f48ee2049f", "lessThan": "e68842b3356471ba56c882209f324613dac47f64", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/macsec.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.7"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.7", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.259", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.210", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.176", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.143", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.93", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.35", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0.12", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/macsec.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd7306779c6ce1238f4cdc34f3c1f2246b854457"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d15130461df388136b62a7b0ce9f66e7e2fa9ff1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23c0e230eab397d7f68be2538790ac41d3bb91fd"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/679e13a65e68a67c8b3c0467c02ee89157ec6f0f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79495a1b0944fe31ffd54b54b00211b493590d62"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d00f5c7e5ff7ec4795b7f5f8ed88bd346641652"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d55acbe577db892b60547b6ef1c020b359331a6d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e68842b3356471ba56c882209f324613dac47f64"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmacsec: fix replay protection at XPN lower-PN wrap\n\nIn macsec_post_decrypt(), when pn is U32_MAX, pn + 1 overflows u32 to 0\nand the first branch never fires. If next_pn_halves.lower is also in the\nupper half, pn_same_half(pn, lower) is true and the XPN else-if does not\nfire either, leaving next_pn_halves unchanged. An attacker that captures\nthe legitimate frame carrying pn == 0xFFFFFFFF on an XPN association\ncan then replay it indefinitely, since lowest_pn never rises above\nthe captured pn and macsec_decrypt() reconstructs the same IV.\n\nExtend the XPN else-if to also fire when pn + 1 wraps to 0, so receipt\nof pn == U32_MAX advances next_pn_halves to (upper + 1, 0)."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.259", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.210", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.176", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.143", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.93", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.35", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.12", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.1", "versionStartIncluding": "5.7"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:37:20.197Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-63925", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T20:17:57.078Z", "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.021Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:55:26.442Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmacsec: fix replay protection at XPN lower-PN wrap\n\nIn macsec_post_decrypt(), when pn is U32_MAX, pn + 1 overflows u32 to 0\nand the first branch never fires. If next_pn_halves.lower is also in the\nupper half, pn_same_half(pn, lower) is true and the XPN else-if does not\nfire either, leaving next_pn_halves unchanged. An attacker that captures\nthe legitimate frame carrying pn == 0xFFFFFFFF on an XPN association\ncan then replay it indefinitely, since lowest_pn never rises above\nthe captured pn and macsec_decrypt() reconstructs the same IV.\n\nExtend the XPN else-if to also fire when pn + 1 wraps to 0, so receipt\nof pn == U32_MAX advances next_pn_halves to (upper + 1, 0)."}], "id": "CVE-2026-63925", "lastModified": "2026-10-27T13:00:07.490", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.2, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-63925", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:33:35.580266Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-07-19T16:17:10.787", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23c0e230eab397d7f68be2538790ac41d3bb91fd"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/679e13a65e68a67c8b3c0467c02ee89157ec6f0f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d00f5c7e5ff7ec4795b7f5f8ed88bd346641652"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79495a1b0944fe31ffd54b54b00211b493590d62"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d15130461df388136b62a7b0ce9f66e7e2fa9ff1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d55acbe577db892b60547b6ef1c020b359331a6d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd7306779c6ce1238f4cdc34f3c1f2246b854457"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e68842b3356471ba56c882209f324613dac47f64"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-190"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: macsec: fix replay protection at XPN lower-PN wrap", "id": "2502397", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2502397"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-294", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's MACsec (Media Access Control Security) subsystem. When using Extended Packet Numbering (XPN), a vulnerability exists where the replay protection mechanism can be bypassed. An attacker can exploit an integer overflow when the packet number reaches its maximum value, allowing them to indefinitely replay legitimate MACsec frames. This can lead to a disruption of secure communication and unauthorized re-transmission of data."], "name": "CVE-2026-63925", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-07-19T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63925\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63925\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026071949-CVE-2026-63925-2f73@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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