CVE-2026-63857

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-63857", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.016Z", "datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:04:46.339Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:42:41.508Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:42:41.508Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: airoha: Do not read uninitialized fragment address in airoha_dev_xmit()\n\nThe transmit loop in airoha_dev_xmit() reads fragment address and length\nduring its final iteration, when the loop index equals\nskb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags, at which point the fragment data is\nuninitialized. While these values are never consumed, the read itself is\nunsafe and may trigger a page fault. Fix this by avoiding the fragment\nread on the last iteration.\nAdditionally, move the skb pointer from the first to the last used packet\ndescriptor, so that airoha_qdma_tx_napi_poll() defers freeing the skb\nuntil the final descriptor is processed."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The bug is in netdev TX (`ndo_start_xmit`) on Airoha EN7581 WAN/LAN interfaces; a remote attacker can trigger transmission by sending packets that cause responses, NAT forwarding, or bridged/routed egress without local access.\nAC:L - Any outbound skb traversing this driver hits the defective loop deterministically; an attacker can reliably provoke multi-fragment transmits (scatter/gather is enabled) to also trigger the premature-skb-free UAF without depending on uncontrollable timing or layout.\nPR:N - Exploitation requires only the ability to send network traffic to or through the device's registered netdevs; no local account, capability, or authentication is needed on internet-facing router/CPE deployments.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required beyond normal always-on network traffic handled by the kernel stack.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory and the host running the Airoha driver; it does not cross a VM/hypervisor or IOMMU security boundary.\nC:H - The final loop iteration performs an out-of-bounds read of uninitialized `skb_frag_t` contents that may contain stale kernel heap data, and the companion skb lifetime bug creates a use-after-free that can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Premature freeing of the skb while later TX descriptors still DMA mapped fragment memory is a heap use-after-free that can be exploited for arbitrary kernel writes or code execution, not merely a discarded read.\nA:H - Reading garbage fragment metadata can cause a kernel page fault/oops, and the skb use-after-free can crash or panic the system during subsequent DMA completion or skb reuse."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/airoha/airoha_eth.c"], "versions": [{"version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "lessThan": "dba5f4959653e4c212beb746594952e8645d1115", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "lessThan": "f670fa4b19ceddc6d215dda4997888ccba9bbc61", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "lessThan": "d78c8ab7bd84952e053d0c622b7fc1b4ad8a19a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "lessThan": "bde34e84edc8b5571fbde7e941e175a4293ee1eb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/airoha/airoha_eth.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.11", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.11", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.33", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.33"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.10"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dba5f4959653e4c212beb746594952e8645d1115"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f670fa4b19ceddc6d215dda4997888ccba9bbc61"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d78c8ab7bd84952e053d0c622b7fc1b4ad8a19a3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bde34e84edc8b5571fbde7e941e175a4293ee1eb"}], "title": "net: airoha: Do not read uninitialized fragment address in airoha_dev_xmit()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/airoha/airoha_eth.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "dba5f4959653e4c212beb746594952e8645d1115", "status": "affected", "version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "f670fa4b19ceddc6d215dda4997888ccba9bbc61", "status": "affected", "version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d78c8ab7bd84952e053d0c622b7fc1b4ad8a19a3", "status": "affected", "version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "bde34e84edc8b5571fbde7e941e175a4293ee1eb", "status": "affected", "version": "23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ethernet/airoha/airoha_eth.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.11"}, {"lessThan": "6.11", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.33", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0.10", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "568521F0-4243-4A07-B91E-C2368197A70B", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "96D99E49-380D-43AB-BDBA-25C3AD018A9C", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.33", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A13475D2-59BF-4716-94B5-7C1D239A2CF4", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.10", "versionStartIncluding": "6.19", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "B1EF7059-E670-45F4-B422-54C40FA86390", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: airoha: Do not read uninitialized fragment address in airoha_dev_xmit()\n\nThe transmit loop in airoha_dev_xmit() reads fragment address and length\nduring its final iteration, when the loop index equals\nskb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags, at which point the fragment data is\nuninitialized. While these values are never consumed, the read itself is\nunsafe and may trigger a page fault. Fix this by avoiding the fragment\nread on the last iteration.\nAdditionally, move the skb pointer from the first to the last used packet\ndescriptor, so that airoha_qdma_tx_napi_poll() defers freeing the skb\nuntil the final descriptor is processed."}], "id": "CVE-2026-63857", "lastModified": "2026-11-12T15:16:55.177", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-07-19T15:16:52.543", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bde34e84edc8b5571fbde7e941e175a4293ee1eb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d78c8ab7bd84952e053d0c622b7fc1b4ad8a19a3"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dba5f4959653e4c212beb746594952e8645d1115"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f670fa4b19ceddc6d215dda4997888ccba9bbc61"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-908"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: airoha: Do not read uninitialized fragment address in airoha_dev_xmit()", "id": "2502280", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2502280"}, "csaw": false, "cwe": "CWE-824", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet: airoha: Do not read uninitialized fragment address in airoha_dev_xmit()\nThe transmit loop in airoha_dev_xmit() reads fragment address and length\nduring its final iteration, when the loop index equals\nskb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags, at which point the fragment data is\nuninitialized. While these values are never consumed, the read itself is\nunsafe and may trigger a page fault. Fix this by avoiding the fragment\nread on the last iteration.\nAdditionally, move the skb pointer from the first to the last used packet\ndescriptor, so that airoha_qdma_tx_napi_poll() defers freeing the skb\nuntil the final descriptor is processed.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's `airoha` network driver. The transmit function `airoha_dev_xmit()` attempts to read uninitialized memory during its final processing loop. This unsafe memory access may lead to a system crash, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS)."], "name": "CVE-2026-63857", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "impact": "important", "package_name": "erlang27", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}], "public_date": "2026-07-19T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-63857\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63857\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026071932-CVE-2026-63857-2bda@gregkh/T"]}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752,f670fa4b19ceddc6d215dda4997888ccba9bbc61)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752,d78c8ab7bd84952e053d0c622b7fc1b4ad8a19a3)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[23020f04932701d5c8363e60756f12b43b8ed752,bde34e84edc8b5571fbde7e941e175a4293ee1eb)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "6.11"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,6.11)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.33,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.0.10,7.1.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.1,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-07-21T06:00:01.943169+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-04T07:15:03.920043+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}