CVE-2026-59973

mcp-from-openapi: Bypass of OpenAPI external $ref SSRF fix in latest FrontMCP and mcp-from-openapi

Published Sep 15, 2026 CVSS 3.1 · 8.5 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Description
FrontMCP is a TypeScript-first framework for the Model Context Protocol (MCP). From mcp-from-openapi 2.3.0 until 2.5.0 and from frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.2.1 until 1.5.0, libs/adapters/src/openapi/openapi.adapter.ts loadOpenAPISpec() forwards untrusted OpenAPI url and spec inputs and loadOptions.refResolution to OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromURL() and OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromJSON(). The external $ref guard checks parsed hostname strings without resolving addresses, pinning validated addresses, revalidating redirect targets, or normalizing IPv4-mapped IPv6. An authenticated user who can import or configure an OpenAPI specification in a hosted or multi-user deployment can use DNS-to-loopback resolution, redirect-to-loopback behavior, or IPv4-mapped IPv6 loopback forms to cause backend-origin requests to internal services. This can expose internal administrative APIs, metadata-like services, and other private network endpoints. The practical impact is lower when only a trusted local administrator can configure OpenAPI specs, and disabling external reference protocols prevents the external $ref request. This issue is fixed in mcp-from-openapi 2.5.0 and frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.5.0.

Remediation

No solution or workaround provided in the CVE record

Tracking

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Advisories

Source ID Title
Github GHSA Github GHSA GHSA-65h7-9wrw-629c FrontMCP and mcp-from-openapi have bypass of OpenAPI external $ref SSRF fix
History
Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'no', 'Exploitation': 'poc', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description FrontMCP is a TypeScript-first framework for the Model Context Protocol (MCP). From mcp-from-openapi 2.3.0 until 2.5.0 and from frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.2.1 until 1.5.0, libs/adapters/src/openapi/openapi.adapter.ts loadOpenAPISpec() forwards untrusted OpenAPI url and spec inputs and loadOptions.refResolution to OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromURL() and OpenAPIToolGenerator.fromJSON(). The external $ref guard checks parsed hostname strings without resolving addresses, pinning validated addresses, revalidating redirect targets, or normalizing IPv4-mapped IPv6. An authenticated user who can import or configure an OpenAPI specification in a hosted or multi-user deployment can use DNS-to-loopback resolution, redirect-to-loopback behavior, or IPv4-mapped IPv6 loopback forms to cause backend-origin requests to internal services. This can expose internal administrative APIs, metadata-like services, and other private network endpoints. The practical impact is lower when only a trusted local administrator can configure OpenAPI specs, and disabling external reference protocols prevents the external $ref request. This issue is fixed in mcp-from-openapi 2.5.0 and frontmcp and @frontmcp/adapters 1.5.0.
Title mcp-from-openapi: Bypass of OpenAPI external $ref SSRF fix in latest FrontMCP and mcp-from-openapi
Weaknesses CWE-918
References
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 8.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N'}

Subscriptions

No data.

Weaknesses

Sources

Status
PUBLISHED
Assigner
GitHub_M
Published
Updated
Sep 16, 2026, 4:06 PM
Reserved
Jul 7, 2026, 7:41 PM
Status
Deferred
Published
Sep 15, 2026, 4:17 PM
Modified
Sep 30, 2026, 5:51 PM