CVE-2026-54451

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": ">= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1"}]}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1."}], "id": "CVE-2026-54451", "lastModified": "2026-09-24T21:16:28.120", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-54451", "options": [{"exploitation": "poc"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-09-21T21:03:29.889055Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-09-17T19:16:50.360", "references": [{"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/releases/tag/v0.16.1"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"}, {"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-674"}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "protobuf: Elixir protobuf: Denial of Service via unbounded recursion in message decoding", "id": "2536605", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2536605"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-770", "details": ["A flaw was found in Elixir protobuf, a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. An attacker can craft protobuf messages with a self-referential or cyclic message type. When these messages are decoded by the `Protobuf.Decoder` component, specifically the `value_for_field` function, an unbounded recursion occurs due to the lack of a nesting-depth limit. This excessive recursion consumes substantial CPU and memory resources, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) by taking the affected service offline."], "name": "CVE-2026-54451", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "jaeger", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "llvm", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshell", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rust", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-09-17T18:19:25Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-54451\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54451\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/releases/tag/v0.16.1\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0.8.0,0.16.1)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 83.0, "confidence_source": "matching", "scores": [{"score": 83.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "protobuf", "source": "cna", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf"}, "product": "protobuf", "vendor": "protobuf"}], "created": "2026-09-18T20:30:15.708564+00:00", "updated": "2026-09-19T02:45:16.330568+00:00", "vendors": ["protobuf", "protobuf$PRODUCT$protobuf"]}