CVE-2026-53281

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This could lead to premature\ndropping of the refcount to 0, potentially causing a use-after-free for the\nremaining active devices sharing the domain.\n\nFix it by returning early if dev_pasid is NULL, before executing the\nteardown operations.\n\nIssue found by AI review and suggested by Kevin Tian.\nhttps://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260421031347.1408890-1-zhenzhong.duan%40intel.com"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable VT-d PASID teardown path is reached through local IOMMU/VFIO/SVA device-management operations such as iommufd/VFIO PASID attach, detach, replace, or device reset recovery. It is not reachable by network packets or adjacent radio protocols.\nAC:L - The relevant paths are normal serialized attach/detach/reset flows and do not require winning an attacker-uncontrolled race. A PASID-capable Intel IOMMU device and suitable VFIO/SVA setup are prerequisites for the affected subsystem, but triggering the vulnerable teardown is otherwise straightforward in that environment.\nPR:L - The attacker needs local access to a PASID-capable VFIO/iommufd or SVA-capable accelerator device node, which can be delegated to an unprivileged userspace process such as QEMU or accelerator clients. It does not inherently require real root in the initial namespace once device access is granted.\nUI:N - No separate victim action is required after the attacker controls the local device-management file descriptors. The attacker can initiate the attach/detach/close/reset-triggering sequence directly.\nS:C - The corruption is in IOMMU/PASID domain bookkeeping that enforces DMA isolation for devices. Premature domain refcount teardown can affect resources outside the intended device/DMA translation boundary.\nC:H - Although one failure mode is a NULL dereference, the fix explicitly identifies refcount corruption that can prematurely free domain metadata and create a use-after-free for remaining active devices. Under the required conservative scoring rule, that memory corruption is treated as capable of enabling high-impact information disclosure.\nI:H - The same refcount corruption/use-after-free in IOMMU domain metadata can plausibly be exploited for kernel memory corruption or DMA isolation manipulation. Under the required conservative scoring rule, this supports high integrity impact.\nA:H - If the domain was never attached to the IOMMU, `domain_detach_iommu()` can immediately dereference NULL and crash the kernel. The refcount corruption path can also lead to use-after-free crashes, so availability impact is high."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"], "versions": [{"version": "68ec78beb4a3fb0877cbaaf49758c85410c05977", "lessThan": "d1a677f9c5e02c4ae49614044ac21296660d1391", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "9022cb9ac0c2a72a57fa8ebf92ac74f953ca0153", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "cdfe3c9f2c9e28a8651ee463c88ad191ced2f840", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "79ea2feb917b05366b49d85573c9c5331f043b2c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "df96876be3b064aefc493f760e0639765d13ed0d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.12.57", "lessThan": "6.12.114", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.13.3", "lessThan": "6.14", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.14", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.14", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.33", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": 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"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9022cb9ac0c2a72a57fa8ebf92ac74f953ca0153"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdfe3c9f2c9e28a8651ee463c88ad191ced2f840"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ea2feb917b05366b49d85573c9c5331f043b2c"}], "title": "iommu/vt-d: Avoid NULL pointer dereference or refcount corruption", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:6.12.0-211.40.1.el10_2", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat 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It is not reachable by network packets or adjacent radio protocols.\nAC:L - The relevant paths are normal serialized attach/detach/reset flows and do not require winning an attacker-uncontrolled race. A PASID-capable Intel IOMMU device and suitable VFIO/SVA setup are prerequisites for the affected subsystem, but triggering the vulnerable teardown is otherwise straightforward in that environment.\nPR:L - The attacker needs local access to a PASID-capable VFIO/iommufd or SVA-capable accelerator device node, which can be delegated to an unprivileged userspace process such as QEMU or accelerator clients. It does not inherently require real root in the initial namespace once device access is granted.\nUI:N - No separate victim action is required after the attacker controls the local device-management file descriptors. The attacker can initiate the attach/detach/close/reset-triggering sequence directly.\nS:C - The corruption is in IOMMU/PASID domain bookkeeping that enforces DMA isolation for devices. Premature domain refcount teardown can affect resources outside the intended device/DMA translation boundary.\nC:H - Although one failure mode is a NULL dereference, the fix explicitly identifies refcount corruption that can prematurely free domain metadata and create a use-after-free for remaining active devices. Under the required conservative scoring rule, that memory corruption is treated as capable of enabling high-impact information disclosure.\nI:H - The same refcount corruption/use-after-free in IOMMU domain metadata can plausibly be exploited for kernel memory corruption or DMA isolation manipulation. Under the required conservative scoring rule, this supports high integrity impact.\nA:H - If the domain was never attached to the IOMMU, `domain_detach_iommu()` can immediately dereference NULL and crash the kernel. The refcount corruption path can also lead to use-after-free crashes, so availability impact is high."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "68ec78beb4a3fb0877cbaaf49758c85410c05977", "lessThan": "d1a677f9c5e02c4ae49614044ac21296660d1391", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "9022cb9ac0c2a72a57fa8ebf92ac74f953ca0153", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "cdfe3c9f2c9e28a8651ee463c88ad191ced2f840", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "60f030f7418d3f1d94f2fb207fe3080e1844630b", "lessThan": "79ea2feb917b05366b49d85573c9c5331f043b2c", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "df96876be3b064aefc493f760e0639765d13ed0d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.12.57", "lessThan": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.13.3", "lessThan": "6.14", "versionType": "semver"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.14"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.14", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.33", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0.10", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d1a677f9c5e02c4ae49614044ac21296660d1391"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9022cb9ac0c2a72a57fa8ebf92ac74f953ca0153"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdfe3c9f2c9e28a8651ee463c88ad191ced2f840"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ea2feb917b05366b49d85573c9c5331f043b2c"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Avoid NULL pointer dereference or refcount corruption\n\nCommit 60f030f7418d (\"iommu/vt-d: Avoid use of NULL after WARN_ON_ONCE\")\nfixed a NULL pointer dereference in an unlikely situation partly.\n\nIf dev_pasid is not found in the dev_pasids list, it remains NULL.\nHowever, the teardown operations are executed unconditionally, this lead\nto a NULL pointer dereference or refcount corruption.\n\nIf the domain was never attached to this IOMMU, info will be NULL, which\nwould cause an immediate dereference when checking --info->refcnt.\n\nEven if info is not NULL, decrementing the refcount without having removed\na valid PASID might unbalance the count. 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This could lead to premature\ndropping of the refcount to 0, potentially causing a use-after-free for the\nremaining active devices sharing the domain.\n\nFix it by returning early if dev_pasid is NULL, before executing the\nteardown operations.\n\nIssue found by AI review and suggested by Kevin Tian.\nhttps://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260421031347.1408890-1-zhenzhong.duan%40intel.com"}], "id": "CVE-2026-53281", "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:19:13.667", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "impactScore": 6.0, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-53281", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:28:22.564890Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-06-26T20:17:19.600", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ea2feb917b05366b49d85573c9c5331f043b2c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9022cb9ac0c2a72a57fa8ebf92ac74f953ca0153"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cdfe3c9f2c9e28a8651ee463c88ad191ced2f840"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d1a677f9c5e02c4ae49614044ac21296660d1391"}, {"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47017"}, {"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47040"}, {"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-53281"}, {"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "tags": ["Issue Tracking", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2493728"}, {"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-53281.json"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-476"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-476"}], "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: iommu/vt-d: Avoid NULL pointer dereference or refcount corruption", "id": "2493728", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2493728"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2026-53281", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-06-26T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53281\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53281\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026062615-CVE-2026-53281-bce7@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

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