CVE-2026-53036

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The macro currently tests for\n(imm > 0 && imm >> bits) || (imm < 0 && ~imm >> bits) which admits\nvalues in [-2^N, 2^N) \u2014 effectively a signed (N+1)-bit range. A\nsigned N-bit field only holds [-2^(N-1), 2^(N-1)), so the check\nadmits one extra bit of range on each side.\n\nIn particular, for check_imm19(), values in [2^18, 2^19) slip past\nthe check but do not fit into the 19-bit signed imm19 field of\nB.cond. aarch64_insn_encode_immediate() then masks the raw value\ninto the 19-bit field, setting bit 18 (the sign bit) and flipping\na forward branch into a backward one. Same class of issue exists\nfor check_imm26() and the B/BL encoding. Shift by (bits - 1)\ninstead of bits so the actual signed N-bit range is enforced."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable arm64 BPF JIT code is reached by a local attacker through the bpf() syscall with BPF_PROG_LOAD, not by remote packets or adjacent/physical access.\nAC:L - Triggering is deterministic once the attacker can load a suitably large BPF program on an arm64 kernel with BPF JIT enabled; there is no race or victim state dependency.\nPR:L - The oversized program needed to hit the bad immediate range requires privileged BPF loading, but BPF tokens/namespaced delegation make this reachable with non-host-root delegated privileges in plausible deployments. Under the required uncertainty rule, PR:L is the higher-severity defensible choice over PR:H.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker submits and runs the crafted BPF program.\nS:U - The vulnerability affects kernel execution within the same host security authority and is a standard local kernel compromise path, not a VM/container boundary escape by itself.\nC:H - The JIT can emit a verifier-unmodeled branch into attacker-shaped native BPF code, a BPF JIT verifier-bypass class issue that can plausibly yield arbitrary kernel memory read.\nI:H - The miscompiled branch can redirect execution through unintended JIT code paths, making arbitrary kernel code execution or write primitives defensible.\nA:H - Even without full exploitation, the invalid native control flow can reliably crash or hang kernel execution when the malformed BPF program runs."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c"], "versions": [{"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "a5dfeb3b61065039488342d43ae06d4729d955d4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "7fd3b41260c6120e7b60164afea5d961af6224f9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "6927f0d6794aa73318bbfa929f1ff6065b0620df", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "1a113b5497297871699cd498b1b83542e0db7f15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "fb74defa1cca1a73177c0c761e641332e4f979a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a", "lessThan": "1dd8be4ec722ce54e4cace59f3a4ba658111b3ec", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/arm64/net/bpf_jit_comp.c"], "versions": [{"version": "3.18", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "3.18", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.175", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.141", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.91", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.33", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.175"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.141"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.91"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.33"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.10"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5dfeb3b61065039488342d43ae06d4729d955d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fd3b41260c6120e7b60164afea5d961af6224f9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6927f0d6794aa73318bbfa929f1ff6065b0620df"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a113b5497297871699cd498b1b83542e0db7f15"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb74defa1cca1a73177c0c761e641332e4f979a3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dd8be4ec722ce54e4cace59f3a4ba658111b3ec"}], "title": "bpf, arm64: Fix off-by-one in check_imm signed range check", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

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The macro currently tests for\n(imm > 0 && imm >> bits) || (imm < 0 && ~imm >> bits) which admits\nvalues in [-2^N, 2^N) \u2014 effectively a signed (N+1)-bit range. A\nsigned N-bit field only holds [-2^(N-1), 2^(N-1)), so the check\nadmits one extra bit of range on each side.\n\nIn particular, for check_imm19(), values in [2^18, 2^19) slip past\nthe check but do not fit into the 19-bit signed imm19 field of\nB.cond. aarch64_insn_encode_immediate() then masks the raw value\ninto the 19-bit field, setting bit 18 (the sign bit) and flipping\na forward branch into a backward one. Same class of issue exists\nfor check_imm26() and the B/BL encoding. Shift by (bits - 1)\ninstead of bits so the actual signed N-bit range is enforced."}], "id": "CVE-2026-53036", "lastModified": "2026-07-15T14:38:18.763", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-06-24T17:17:15.137", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a113b5497297871699cd498b1b83542e0db7f15"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dd8be4ec722ce54e4cace59f3a4ba658111b3ec"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6927f0d6794aa73318bbfa929f1ff6065b0620df"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fd3b41260c6120e7b60164afea5d961af6224f9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5dfeb3b61065039488342d43ae06d4729d955d4"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb74defa1cca1a73177c0c761e641332e4f979a3"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-193"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: bpf, arm64: Fix off-by-one in check_imm signed range check", "id": "2492350", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2492350"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-839", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nbpf, arm64: Fix off-by-one in check_imm signed range check\ncheck_imm(bits, imm) is used in the arm64 BPF JIT to verify that\na branch displacement (in arm64 instruction units) fits into the\nsigned N-bit immediate field of a B, B.cond or CBZ/CBNZ encoding\nbefore it is handed to the encoder. The macro currently tests for\n(imm > 0 && imm >> bits) || (imm < 0 && ~imm >> bits) which admits\nvalues in [-2^N, 2^N) \u2014 effectively a signed (N+1)-bit range. A\nsigned N-bit field only holds [-2^(N-1), 2^(N-1)), so the check\nadmits one extra bit of range on each side.\nIn particular, for check_imm19(), values in [2^18, 2^19) slip past\nthe check but do not fit into the 19-bit signed imm19 field of\nB.cond. aarch64_insn_encode_immediate() then masks the raw value\ninto the 19-bit field, setting bit 18 (the sign bit) and flipping\na forward branch into a backward one. Same class of issue exists\nfor check_imm26() and the B/BL encoding. Shift by (bits - 1)\ninstead of bits so the actual signed N-bit range is enforced.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. Specifically, an off-by-one error exists in the BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler when handling immediate values for branch instructions on ARM64 architectures. This vulnerability allows the system to process values outside their intended range, which can lead to incorrect program execution flow. Such an issue could potentially cause system instability or unexpected behavior."], "name": "CVE-2026-53036", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-06-24T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-53036\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53036\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026062455-CVE-2026-53036-abcc@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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