CVE-2026-45945

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When replacing\nan active PASID entry (e.g., during domain replacement), the current\nimplementation calculates a new entry on the stack and copies it to the\ntable using a single structure assignment.\n\n struct pasid_entry *pte, new_pte;\n\n pte = intel_pasid_get_entry(dev, pasid);\n pasid_pte_config_first_level(iommu, &new_pte, ...);\n *pte = new_pte;\n\nBecause the hardware may fetch the 512-bit PASID entry in multiple\n128-bit chunks, updating the entire entry while it is active (Present\nbit set) risks a \"torn\" read. In this scenario, the IOMMU hardware\ncould observe an inconsistent state \u2014 partially new data and partially\nold data \u2014 leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.\n\nFix this by removing the unsafe \"replace\" helpers and following the\n\"clear-then-update\" flow, which ensures the Present bit is cleared and\nthe required invalidation handshake is completed before the new\nconfiguration is applied."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable replace path is reached only through local IOMMUFD/VFIO ioctls (`/dev/iommu` device PASID domain replacement); there is no network or remote-peer path to this code.\nAC:L - Although it is a hardware/software race on the 128-bit-chunked entry fetch, the attacker controls both sides \u2014 driving continuous device DMA (forcing frequent entry fetches) while repeatedly issuing the replacement ioctl \u2014 so the torn-entry window is reliably reachable through repetition.\nPR:L - Triggering domain replacement requires IOMMUFD/VFIO access to an assigned device, which is gated by device-file permissions rather than an init-namespace root capability check; a confined VMM/user granted passthrough suffices.\nUI:N - The replacement and concurrent DMA are entirely attacker-driven; no action by another user is needed.\nS:C - The flaw is in the IOMMU DMA-isolation structure, and a torn PASID entry can let a device's DMA escape its assigned domain \u2014 an IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass that crosses the security authority of the affected component.\nC:H - A torn page-table-pointer field can cause the IOMMU to translate device DMA through stale/corrupt tables, allowing the device to read host or other-domain physical memory across the isolation boundary.\nI:H - The same mistranslation gives the device a write primitive into memory outside its domain, enabling corruption of host/other-domain memory.\nA:H - The commit explicitly notes the torn entry causes \"unpredictable behavior or spurious faults,\" which can manifest as IOMMU faults, device failures, or kernel crashes."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "versions": [{"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "versions": [{"version": "6.13", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.13", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.39", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.39"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b"}], "title": "iommu/vt-d: Fix race condition during PASID entry replacement", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-45945", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:18:33.300582Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-362", "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')"}]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T19:26:40.294Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-45945", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.088Z", "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:18:01.345Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T19:26:40.294Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:28:52.094Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Fix race condition during PASID entry replacement\n\nThe Intel VT-d PASID table entry is 512 bits (64 bytes). When replacing\nan active PASID entry (e.g., during domain replacement), the current\nimplementation calculates a new entry on the stack and copies it to the\ntable using a single structure assignment.\n\n struct pasid_entry *pte, new_pte;\n\n pte = intel_pasid_get_entry(dev, pasid);\n pasid_pte_config_first_level(iommu, &new_pte, ...);\n *pte = new_pte;\n\nBecause the hardware may fetch the 512-bit PASID entry in multiple\n128-bit chunks, updating the entire entry while it is active (Present\nbit set) risks a \"torn\" read. In this scenario, the IOMMU hardware\ncould observe an inconsistent state \u2014 partially new data and partially\nold data \u2014 leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.\n\nFix this by removing the unsafe \"replace\" helpers and following the\n\"clear-then-update\" flow, which ensures the Present bit is cleared and\nthe required invalidation handshake is completed before the new\nconfiguration is applied."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable replace path is reached only through local IOMMUFD/VFIO ioctls (`/dev/iommu` device PASID domain replacement); there is no network or remote-peer path to this code.\nAC:L - Although it is a hardware/software race on the 128-bit-chunked entry fetch, the attacker controls both sides \u2014 driving continuous device DMA (forcing frequent entry fetches) while repeatedly issuing the replacement ioctl \u2014 so the torn-entry window is reliably reachable through repetition.\nPR:L - Triggering domain replacement requires IOMMUFD/VFIO access to an assigned device, which is gated by device-file permissions rather than an init-namespace root capability check; a confined VMM/user granted passthrough suffices.\nUI:N - The replacement and concurrent DMA are entirely attacker-driven; no action by another user is needed.\nS:C - The flaw is in the IOMMU DMA-isolation structure, and a torn PASID entry can let a device's DMA escape its assigned domain \u2014 an IOMMU/DMA boundary bypass that crosses the security authority of the affected component.\nC:H - A torn page-table-pointer field can cause the IOMMU to translate device DMA through stale/corrupt tables, allowing the device to read host or other-domain physical memory across the isolation boundary.\nI:H - The same mistranslation gives the device a write primitive into memory outside its domain, enabling corruption of host/other-domain memory.\nA:H - The commit explicitly notes the torn entry causes \"unpredictable behavior or spurious faults,\" which can manifest as IOMMU faults, device failures, or kernel crashes."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "versions": [{"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "lessThan": "c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "versions": [{"version": "6.13", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.13", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.39", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.39"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b"}], "title": "iommu/vt-d: Fix race condition during PASID entry replacement", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-45945", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:18:33.300582Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-362", "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T15:18:33.840Z"}, "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"}]}}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef", "status": "affected", "version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157", "status": "affected", "version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b", "status": "affected", "version": "7543ee63e8113aa34b07df3b16b3b9d2c5f73939", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/nested.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.c", "drivers/iommu/intel/pasid.h"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.13"}, {"lessThan": "6.13", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.39", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.19.4", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5AACD15B-2EAD-4F3C-8D6C-9D0071705EF6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Fix race condition during PASID entry replacement\n\nThe Intel VT-d PASID table entry is 512 bits (64 bytes). When replacing\nan active PASID entry (e.g., during domain replacement), the current\nimplementation calculates a new entry on the stack and copies it to the\ntable using a single structure assignment.\n\n struct pasid_entry *pte, new_pte;\n\n pte = intel_pasid_get_entry(dev, pasid);\n pasid_pte_config_first_level(iommu, &new_pte, ...);\n *pte = new_pte;\n\nBecause the hardware may fetch the 512-bit PASID entry in multiple\n128-bit chunks, updating the entire entry while it is active (Present\nbit set) risks a \"torn\" read. In this scenario, the IOMMU hardware\ncould observe an inconsistent state \u2014 partially new data and partially\nold data \u2014 leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.\n\nFix this by removing the unsafe \"replace\" helpers and following the\n\"clear-then-update\" flow, which ensures the Present bit is cleared and\nthe required invalidation handshake is completed before the new\nconfiguration is applied."}], "id": "CVE-2026-45945", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T20:18:22.137", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "impactScore": 6.0, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-45945", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:18:33.300582Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-05-27T14:17:10.790", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4718007870547e1efebbdd6745d9fce58f008fef"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66a7aff480a82b8642b3991fed5fdc9780022157"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3b1edea3791fa91ab7032faa90355913ad9451b"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: iommu/vt-d: Fix race condition during PASID entry replacement", "id": "2482185", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482185"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-366", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Intel VT-d (Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O) implementation. A race condition occurs during the replacement of an active PASID (Process Address Space ID) entry. This can lead to the IOMMU (Input/Output Memory Management Unit) hardware reading an inconsistent state, resulting in unpredictable system behavior or spurious faults, effectively causing a Denial of Service."], "name": "CVE-2026-45945", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-05-27T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45945\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45945\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052730-CVE-2026-45945-6975@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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