CVE-2026-45859

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In that case, we did have exclusive ownership\nof the skb and its associated conntrack entry. The elevated use\ncount is due to skb_clone happening via skb_gso_segment().\n\nMove the check so that its peformed vs. the aggregated packet.\n\nThen, annotate the individual segments except the first one so we\ncan do a 2nd check at reinject time.\n\nFor the normal case, where userspace does in-order reinjects, this avoids\npacket drops: first reinjected segment continues traversal and confirms\nentry, remaining segments observe the confirmed entry.\n\nWhile at it, simplify nf_ct_drop_unconfirmed(): We only care about\nunconfirmed entries with a refcnt > 1, there is no need to special-case\ndying entries.\n\nThis only happens with UDP. With TCP, the only unconfirmed packet will\nbe the TCP SYN, those aren't aggregated by GRO.\n\nNext patch adds a udpgro test case to cover this scenario."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable nfnetlink_queue path processes packets that hit an NFQUEUE netfilter verdict; GRO-aggregated UDP traffic received from the network reaches it, so the dropping condition is triggered by remote network packets.\nAC:L - Once an nfqueue without F_GSO exists, an attacker reliably triggers the drop by sending a UDP burst that GRO coalesces into a GSO skb for a new (unconfirmed) flow; no uncontrollable condition is required.\nPR:N - Triggering the condition requires only sending network traffic to the host; no authentication or privileges are needed by the remote sender.\nUI:N - The packet drop occurs automatically during kernel 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GRO-aggregated UDP traffic received from the network reaches it, so the dropping condition is triggered by remote network packets.\nAC:L - Once an nfqueue without F_GSO exists, an attacker reliably triggers the drop by sending a UDP burst that GRO coalesces into a GSO skb for a new (unconfirmed) flow; no uncontrollable condition is required.\nPR:N - Triggering the condition requires only sending network traffic to the host; no authentication or privileges are needed by the remote sender.\nUI:N - The packet drop occurs automatically during kernel packet processing with no victim interaction.\nS:U - The impact is confined to the kernel's own network packet processing; no security boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The bug only causes packets to be dropped; no kernel memory is read or disclosed.\nI:N - No data is modified or written; dropped packets are simply not delivered, which is an availability rather than integrity effect.\nA:H - All GSO-aggregated UDP packets of new (unconfirmed) conntrack flows are dropped on a non-F_GSO nfqueue, denying establishment/processing of those new flows \u2014 a sustained, network-triggerable denial of that traffic class."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6dcc8ba8a6074bb79040f502dc66ad23a58a1c86", "lessThan": "4666688657e1054278b836b825fb88b2907e2da2", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "74e6eb7fd27ef1ccc68041dbc66e6d80d2e4a1a0", "lessThan": "aead84bdacd77e08357fd718e5dcaffaf387f3c3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7d8dc1c7be8d3509e8f5164dd5df64c8e34d7eeb", "lessThan": "79b713ef4261a8ead96af4703f89d0b5f25532e2", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7d8dc1c7be8d3509e8f5164dd5df64c8e34d7eeb", "lessThan": "23901aa6b8a2f294c4b774436b4691f3ff863a8f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7d8dc1c7be8d3509e8f5164dd5df64c8e34d7eeb", "lessThan": "b740e7ddd7ca0dbfeafca3f5e52717206cf28524", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "7d8dc1c7be8d3509e8f5164dd5df64c8e34d7eeb", "lessThan": "207b3ebacb6113acaaec0d171d5307032c690004", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6c4a0ba674f410ab99a30a16f32dac0ebfed5cd3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "025b3326c5c409b372d0103ad30f174e55adbd1b", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.107", "lessThan": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.6.48", "lessThan": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.15.166", "lessThan": "5.16", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.10.7", "lessThan": "6.11", "versionType": "semver"}], "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_queue.h", "net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.11"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.11", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.75", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.14", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.19.4", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "7.0", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["include/net/netfilter/nf_queue.h", "net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4666688657e1054278b836b825fb88b2907e2da2"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aead84bdacd77e08357fd718e5dcaffaf387f3c3"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79b713ef4261a8ead96af4703f89d0b5f25532e2"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23901aa6b8a2f294c4b774436b4691f3ff863a8f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b740e7ddd7ca0dbfeafca3f5e52717206cf28524"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/207b3ebacb6113acaaec0d171d5307032c690004"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nfnetlink_queue: do shared-unconfirmed check before segmentation\n\nUlrich reports a regression with nfqueue:\n\nIf an application did not set the 'F_GSO' capability flag and a gso\npacket with an unconfirmed nf_conn entry is received all packets are\nnow dropped instead of queued, because the check happens after\nskb_gso_segment(). In that case, we did have exclusive ownership\nof the skb and its associated conntrack entry. The elevated use\ncount is due to skb_clone happening via skb_gso_segment().\n\nMove the check so that its peformed vs. the aggregated packet.\n\nThen, annotate the individual segments except the first one so we\ncan do a 2nd check at reinject time.\n\nFor the normal case, where userspace does in-order reinjects, this avoids\npacket drops: first reinjected segment continues traversal and confirms\nentry, remaining segments observe the confirmed entry.\n\nWhile at it, simplify nf_ct_drop_unconfirmed(): We only care about\nunconfirmed entries with a refcnt > 1, there is no need to special-case\ndying entries.\n\nThis only happens with UDP. With TCP, the only unconfirmed packet will\nbe the TCP SYN, those aren't aggregated by GRO.\n\nNext patch adds a udpgro test case to cover this scenario."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.107"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.48"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.75", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.14", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.0", "versionStartIncluding": "6.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.166"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "6.10.7"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:25:38.053Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-45859", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:25:38.053Z", "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.079Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:15:39.322Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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In that case, we did have exclusive ownership\nof the skb and its associated conntrack entry. The elevated use\ncount is due to skb_clone happening via skb_gso_segment().\n\nMove the check so that its peformed vs. the aggregated packet.\n\nThen, annotate the individual segments except the first one so we\ncan do a 2nd check at reinject time.\n\nFor the normal case, where userspace does in-order reinjects, this avoids\npacket drops: first reinjected segment continues traversal and confirms\nentry, remaining segments observe the confirmed entry.\n\nWhile at it, simplify nf_ct_drop_unconfirmed(): We only care about\nunconfirmed entries with a refcnt > 1, there is no need to special-case\ndying entries.\n\nThis only happens with UDP. With TCP, the only unconfirmed packet will\nbe the TCP SYN, those aren't aggregated by GRO.\n\nNext patch adds a udpgro test case to cover this scenario."}], "id": "CVE-2026-45859", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:18:52.427", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-45859", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:18:05.838159Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-05-27T14:16:58.060", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/207b3ebacb6113acaaec0d171d5307032c690004"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/23901aa6b8a2f294c4b774436b4691f3ff863a8f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4666688657e1054278b836b825fb88b2907e2da2"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79b713ef4261a8ead96af4703f89d0b5f25532e2"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aead84bdacd77e08357fd718e5dcaffaf387f3c3"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b740e7ddd7ca0dbfeafca3f5e52717206cf28524"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-400"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: nfnetlink_queue: do shared-unconfirmed check before segmentation", "id": "2481994", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2481994"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-367", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's netfilter (nfnetlink_queue) component. This vulnerability occurs when an application does not set the F_GSO capability flag and a Generic Segmentation Offload (GSO) packet with an unconfirmed netfilter connection (nf_conn) entry is received. Due to an incorrect order of checks, these packets are dropped instead of being queued. This can lead to a denial of service for affected UDP traffic."], "name": "CVE-2026-45859", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-05-27T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45859\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45859\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052710-CVE-2026-45859-4440@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

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