CVE-2026-43969

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-43969", "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "EEF", "dateReserved": "2026-05-04T18:23:25.573Z", "datePublished": "2026-05-11T18:06:40.667Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T06:57:15.234Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["cow_cookie"], "packageName": "cowlib", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/cowlib", "product": "cowlib", "programFiles": ["src/cow_cookie.erl"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "cow_cookie:cookie/1"}], "repo": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib", "vendor": "ninenines", "versions": [{"lessThan": "2.21.0", "status": "affected", "version": "2.9.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["cow_cookie"], "packageName": "ninenines/cowlib", "packageURL": "pkg:github/ninenines/cowlib", "product": "cowlib", "programFiles": ["src/cow_cookie.erl"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "cow_cookie:cookie/1"}], "repo": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib", "vendor": "ninenines", "versions": [{"lessThan": "c17fd73945ef536cccecc492d286fb6b6d1c3307", "status": "affected", "version": "f017f8a0ecbffd5033d9ab49bf180186f7a523a7", "versionType": "git"}]}], "configurations": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to <code>cow_cookie:cookie/1</code>. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to `cow_cookie:cookie/1`. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected."}], "value": "The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to cow_cookie:cookie/1. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "2.21.0", "versionStartIncluding": "2.9.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}], "operator": "AND"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "finder", "value": "Peter Ullrich"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Lo\u00efc Hoguin"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "coordinator", "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP request splitting and cookie smuggling via unvalidated cookie name and value fields.</p>\n<p><code>cow_cookie:cookie/1</code> in cowlib builds a client-side <code>Cookie:</code> request header from a list of name-value pairs without validating either field. An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject <code>;</code>, <code>,</code>, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting <code>; admin=1</code> to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (<code>parse_cookie_name/1</code>, <code>parse_cookie_value/1</code>) and <code>setcookie/3</code> already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.</p>\n<p>This issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP request splitting and cookie smuggling via unvalidated cookie name and value fields.\n\n`cow_cookie:cookie/1` in cowlib builds a client-side `Cookie:` request header from a list of name-value pairs without validating either field. An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject `;`, `,`, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting `; admin=1` to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (`parse_cookie_name/1`, `parse_cookie_value/1`) and `setcookie/3` already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.\n\nThis issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0."}], "value": "Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP request splitting and cookie smuggling via unvalidated cookie name and value fields.\n\ncow_cookie:cookie/1 in cowlib builds a client-side Cookie: request header from a list of name-value pairs without validating either field. An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject ;, ,, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting ; admin=1 to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (parse_cookie_name/1, parse_cookie_value/1) and setcookie/3 already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.\n\nThis issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-105", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CAPEC-105 HTTP Request Splitting"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseScore": 2.1, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-93", "description": "CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T06:57:15.234Z"}, "references": [{"name": "GitHub Advisory", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/erlef/cowlib/commit/177953dd51540da11090666c1f007214127a1144"}, {"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-43969", "tags": ["related", "third-party-advisory"], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-43969.html"}, {"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-43969", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-43969"}, {"name": "Introducing commit f017f8a in ninenines/cowlib", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib/commit/f017f8a0ecbffd5033d9ab49bf180186f7a523a7"}, {"name": "Fix commit c17fd73 in ninenines/cowlib", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib/commit/c17fd73945ef536cccecc492d286fb6b6d1c3307"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "title": "Cookie Request Header Injection via Unvalidated Encoder in cow_cookie:cookie/1", "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Validate inputs into <code>cow_cookie:cookie/1</code> to only include valid cookie name and value characters as defined in RFC 6265 Section 4.1.1 before passing them to the function.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Validate inputs into `cow_cookie:cookie/1` to only include valid cookie name and value characters as defined in RFC 6265 Section 4.1.1 before passing them to the function."}], "value": "Validate inputs into cow_cookie:cookie/1 to only include valid cookie name and value characters as defined in RFC 6265 Section 4.1.1 before passing them to the function."}]}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-05-11T18:55:16.028478Z", "id": "CVE-2026-43969", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T18:55:26.121Z"}}]}}

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An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject ;, ,, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting ; admin=1 to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (parse_cookie_name/1, parse_cookie_value/1) and setcookie/3 already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.\n\nThis issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0.", "supportingMedia": [{"type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP request splitting and cookie smuggling via unvalidated cookie name and value fields.</p>\n<p><code>cow_cookie:cookie/1</code> in cowlib builds a client-side <code>Cookie:</code> request header from a list of name-value pairs without validating either field. An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject <code>;</code>, <code>,</code>, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting <code>; admin=1</code> to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (<code>parse_cookie_name/1</code>, <code>parse_cookie_value/1</code>) and <code>setcookie/3</code> already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.</p>\n<p>This issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0.</p>", "base64": false}, {"type": "text/markdown", "value": "Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in ninenines cowlib allows HTTP request splitting and cookie smuggling via unvalidated cookie name and value fields.\n\n`cow_cookie:cookie/1` in cowlib builds a client-side `Cookie:` request header from a list of name-value pairs without validating either field. An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject `;`, `,`, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting `; admin=1` to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (`parse_cookie_name/1`, `parse_cookie_value/1`) and `setcookie/3` already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.\n\nThis issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0.", "base64": false}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-93", "description": "CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')"}]}], "configurations": [{"lang": "en", "value": "The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to cow_cookie:cookie/1. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.", "supportingMedia": [{"type": "text/html", "value": "<p>The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to <code>cow_cookie:cookie/1</code>. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.</p>", "base64": false}, {"type": "text/markdown", "value": "The application must pass attacker-controlled bytes as cookie names or values to `cow_cookie:cookie/1`. Applications that construct cookie lists exclusively from trusted, application-controlled values are not affected.", "base64": false}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ninenines:cowlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "2.21.0", "versionStartIncluding": "2.9.0"}], "operator": "OR"}], "operator": "AND"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T06:57:15.234Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-43969", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T06:57:15.234Z", "dateReserved": "2026-05-04T18:23:25.573Z", "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "datePublished": "2026-05-11T18:06:40.667Z", "assignerShortName": "EEF"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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An attacker who controls the cookie names or values passed to this function can inject ;, ,, CR, LF, or TAB characters into the serialized header. This enables two classes of attack: cookie smuggling within a single header (e.g. injecting ; admin=1 to introduce a phantom cookie that the receiving server treats as authentic) and HTTP request header splitting (injecting CRLF to append arbitrary headers or smuggle a complete second request against a shared upstream proxy). The decoder side (parse_cookie_name/1, parse_cookie_value/1) and setcookie/3 already validate and reject these characters; the encoder alone is missing the check.\n\nThis issue affects cowlib: from 2.9.0 before 2.21.0."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Vulnerabilidad de neutralizaci\u00f3n inadecuada de secuencias CRLF (\u2019Inyecci\u00f3n CRLF\u2019) en ninenines cowlib permite la divisi\u00f3n de solicitudes HTTP y el contrabando de cookies a trav\u00e9s de campos de nombre y valor de cookie no validados.\n\ncow_cookie:cookie/1 en cowlib construye una cabecera de solicitud Cookie: del lado del cliente a partir de una lista de pares nombre-valor sin validar ninguno de los campos. Un atacante que controla los nombres o valores de las cookies pasados a esta funci\u00f3n puede inyectar los caracteres ;, ,, CR, LF o TAB en la cabecera serializada. Esto permite dos clases de ataque: el contrabando de cookies dentro de una \u00fanica cabecera (por ejemplo, inyectando ; admin=1 para introducir una cookie fantasma que el servidor receptor trata como aut\u00e9ntica) y la divisi\u00f3n de cabeceras de solicitud HTTP (inyectando CRLF para a\u00f1adir cabeceras arbitrarias o contrabandear una segunda solicitud completa contra un proxy ascendente compartido). El lado del decodificador (parse_cookie_name/1, parse_cookie_value/1) y setcookie/3 ya validan y rechazan estos caracteres; solo el codificador carece de la comprobaci\u00f3n.\n\nEste problema afecta a cowlib: desde la versi\u00f3n 2.9.0 hasta versiones anteriores a la 2.21.0."}], "id": "CVE-2026-43969", "lastModified": "2026-10-26T20:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 3.2, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.4, "impactScore": 1.4, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 2.1, "baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-43969", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-05-11T18:55:16.028478Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-05-11T19:16:25.330", "references": [{"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-43969.html"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://github.com/erlef/cowlib/commit/177953dd51540da11090666c1f007214127a1144"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib/commit/c17fd73945ef536cccecc492d286fb6b6d1c3307"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/ninenines/cowlib/commit/f017f8a0ecbffd5033d9ab49bf180186f7a523a7"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-43969"}], "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-93"}], "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "2.9.0"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "cowlib", "source": "cna", "vendor": "ninenines"}, "product": "cowlib", "vendor": "ninenines"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "f017f8a0ecbffd5033d9ab49bf180186f7a523a7"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "original": {"product": "cowlib", "source": "cna", "vendor": "ninenines"}, "product": "cowlib", "vendor": "ninenines"}], "created": "2026-05-11T19:30:06.303916+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-09T09:00:03.990389+00:00", "vendors": ["ninenines", "ninenines$PRODUCT$cowlib"]}