CVE-2026-33496

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "oathkeeper", "vendor": "ory", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "< 26.2.0"}]}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ory:oathkeeper:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "657854A7-D847-40E5-9771-601F5BF0FDA4", "versionEndExcluding": "26.2.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "ORY Oathkeeper is an Identity & Access Proxy (IAP) and Access Control Decision API that authorizes HTTP requests based on sets of Access Rules. Versions prior to 26.2.0 are vulnerable to authentication bypass due to cache key confusion. The `oauth2_introspection` authenticator cache does not distinguish tokens that were validated with different introspection URLs. An attacker can therefore legitimately use a token to prime the cache, and subsequently use the same token for rules that use a different introspection server. Ory Oathkeeper has to be configured with multiple `oauth2_introspection` authenticator servers, each accepting different tokens. The authenticators also must be configured to use caching. An attacker has to have a way to gain a valid token for one of the configured introspection servers. Starting in version 26.2.0, Ory Oathkeeper includes the introspection server URL in the cache key, preventing confusion of tokens. Update to the patched version of Ory Oathkeeper. If that is not immediately possible, disable caching for `oauth2_introspection` authenticators."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "ORY Oathkeeper es un Proxy de Identidad y Acceso (IAP) y una API de Decisi\u00f3n de Control de Acceso que autoriza solicitudes HTTP bas\u00e1ndose en conjuntos de Reglas de Acceso. Las versiones anteriores a la 26.2.0 son vulnerables a la omisi\u00f3n de autenticaci\u00f3n debido a la confusi\u00f3n de claves de cach\u00e9. La cach\u00e9 del autenticador `oauth2_introspection` no distingue los tokens que fueron validados con diferentes URL de introspecci\u00f3n. Un atacante puede, por lo tanto, usar leg\u00edtimamente un token para cebar la cach\u00e9 y posteriormente usar el mismo token para reglas que usan un servidor de introspecci\u00f3n diferente. Ory Oathkeeper debe configurarse con m\u00faltiples servidores autenticadores `oauth2_introspection`, cada uno aceptando tokens diferentes. Los autenticadores tambi\u00e9n deben configurarse para usar el almacenamiento en cach\u00e9. Un atacante tiene que tener una forma de obtener un token v\u00e1lido para uno de los servidores de introspecci\u00f3n configurados. A partir de la versi\u00f3n 26.2.0, Ory Oathkeeper incluye la URL del servidor de introspecci\u00f3n en la clave de cach\u00e9, evitando la confusi\u00f3n de tokens. Actualice a la versi\u00f3n parcheada de Ory Oathkeeper. Si eso no es posible de inmediato, deshabilite el almacenamiento en cach\u00e9 para los autenticadores `oauth2_introspection`."}], "id": "CVE-2026-33496", "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:37:36.037", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.2, "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-33496", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-03-30T11:19:21.527197Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-03-26T18:16:30.730", "references": [{"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://github.com/ory/oathkeeper/commit/198a2bc82a99e0a77bd0ffe290cbdd5285a1b17c"}, {"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Mitigation", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/ory/oathkeeper/security/advisories/GHSA-4mq7-pvjg-xp2r"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-305"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-1289"}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,26.2.0)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "matching", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "oathkeeper", "source": "cna", "vendor": "ory"}, "product": "oathkeeper", "vendor": "ory"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-07T23:42:04.574378+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Update Ory Oathkeeper to version 26.2.0 or newer.", "If an update cannot be applied immediately, disable caching for all oauth2_introspection authenticators."], "summary": {"action": "Immediate Patch", "impact": "Authentication Bypass via Cache Key Confusion"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "The issue affects the Ory Oathkeeper product, specifically any release prior to version 26.2.0 that configures multiple oauth2_introspection authenticators with caching enabled. System administrators using Oathkeeper versions before 26.2.0 should verify that caching is active for each authenticator and that the product is configured with distinct introspection URLs.", "description_and_impact": "Ory Oathkeeper, an Identity & Access Proxy, fails to incorporate the introspection server URL into the cache key for oauth2_introspection authenticators. This flaw lets an attacker inject a valid token from one introspection endpoint into the cache and then reuse that same token with a different introspection server, thereby bypassing authentication checks for protected resources. The vulnerability enables unauthorized access to any resources guarded by the affected Oathkeeper deployment, compromising confidentiality and integrity of the protected services. The flaw is quantified with a CVSS score of 8.1 and is linked to CWE-1289 and CWE-305.", "risk_and_exploitability": "With a high severity CVSS score of 8.1 and an EPSS score below 1%, the risk level is significant yet the likelihood of widespread exploitation remains low according to current data. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA\u2019s KEV catalog. Exploitation requires a valid token for one introspection endpoint; an attacker then leverages cache key confusion to use the same token against another endpoint, making remote exploitation feasible through normal HTTP traffic to Oathkeeper. Due to the dependence on multiple authenticators and caching, defensive measures that disable caching or upgrade the software can effectively mitigate the threat."}}}}, "created": "2026-03-27T08:33:26.615287+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-08T20:01:12.811195+00:00", "vendors": ["ory", "ory$PRODUCT$oathkeeper"]}