CVE-2026-31521

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allocation if a percpu var. */\n\t\t\tif (sym[i].st_shndx == info->index.pcpu)\n\t\t\t\tsecbase = (unsigned long)mod_percpu(mod);\n\t\t\telse\n /** HERE --> **/\t\tsecbase = info->sechdrs[sym[i].st_shndx].sh_addr;\n\t\t\tsym[i].st_value += secbase;\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\nA symbol with an out-of-bounds st_shndx value, for example 0xffff\n(known as SHN_XINDEX or SHN_HIRESERVE), may cause a kernel panic:\n\n BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ...\n RIP: 0010:simplify_symbols+0x2b2/0x480\n ...\n Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception\n\nThis can happen when module ELF is legitimately using SHN_XINDEX or\nwhen it is corrupted.\n\nAdd a bounds check in simplify_symbols() to validate that st_shndx is\nwithin the valid range before using it.\n\nThis issue was discovered due to a bug in llvm-objcopy, see relevant\ndiscussion for details [1].\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20251224005752.201911-1-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev/"}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", 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*/\n\t\t\tif (sym[i].st_shndx == info->index.pcpu)\n\t\t\t\tsecbase = (unsigned long)mod_percpu(mod);\n\t\t\telse\n /** HERE --> **/\t\tsecbase = info->sechdrs[sym[i].st_shndx].sh_addr;\n\t\t\tsym[i].st_value += secbase;\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\nA symbol with an out-of-bounds st_shndx value, for example 0xffff\n(known as SHN_XINDEX or SHN_HIRESERVE), may cause a kernel panic:\n\n BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ...\n RIP: 0010:simplify_symbols+0x2b2/0x480\n ...\n Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception\n\nThis can happen when module ELF is legitimately using SHN_XINDEX or\nwhen it is corrupted.\n\nAdd a bounds check in simplify_symbols() to validate that st_shndx is\nwithin the valid range before using it.\n\nThis issue was discovered due to a bug in llvm-objcopy, see relevant\ndiscussion for details [1].\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20251224005752.201911-1-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev/"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": 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**/\t\tsecbase = info->sechdrs[sym[i].st_shndx].sh_addr;\n\t\t\tsym[i].st_value += secbase;\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\nA symbol with an out-of-bounds st_shndx value, for example 0xffff\n(known as SHN_XINDEX or SHN_HIRESERVE), may cause a kernel panic:\n\n BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ...\n RIP: 0010:simplify_symbols+0x2b2/0x480\n ...\n Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception\n\nThis can happen when module ELF is legitimately using SHN_XINDEX or\nwhen it is corrupted.\n\nAdd a bounds check in simplify_symbols() to validate that st_shndx is\nwithin the valid range before using it.\n\nThis issue was discovered due to a bug in llvm-objcopy, see relevant\ndiscussion for details [1].\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20251224005752.201911-1-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev/"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nm\u00f3dulo: Solucionar p\u00e1nico del kernel cuando un s\u00edmbolo st_shndx est\u00e1 fuera de l\u00edmites\n\nEl cargador de m\u00f3dulos no verifica los l\u00edmites del \u00edndice de secci\u00f3n ELF en simplify_symbols():\n\n for (i = 1; i < symsec -> sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Sym); i++) {\n\t\tconst char name = info -> strtab + sym[i].st_name;\n\n\t\tswitch (sym[i].st_shndx) {\n\t\tcase SHN_COMMON:\n\n\t\t[...]\n\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t/* Desviar a la asignaci\u00f3n por CPU si es una variable por CPU. */\n\t\t\tif (sym[i].st_shndx == info -> index.pcpu)\n\t\t\t\tsecbase = (unsigned long)mod_percpu(mod);\n\t\t\telse\n / AQU\u00cd - /\t\tsecbase = info -> sechdrs[sym[i].st_shndx].sh_addr;\n\t\t\tsym[i].st_value += secbase;\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\nUn s\u00edmbolo con un valor st_shndx fuera de l\u00edmites, por ejemplo 0x ffff (conocido como SHN_XINDEX o SHN_HIRESERVE), puede causar un p\u00e1nico del kernel:\n\n BUG: no se puede manejar el fallo de p\u00e1gina para la direcci\u00f3n: ...\n RIP: 0010:simplify_symbols+0x2b2/0x480\n ...\n P\u00e1nico del kernel - no sincronizando: Excepci\u00f3n fatal\n\nEsto puede ocurrir cuando el ELF del m\u00f3dulo est\u00e1 utilizando leg\u00edtimamente SHN_XINDEX o cuando est\u00e1 corrupto.\n\nA\u00f1adir una verificaci\u00f3n de l\u00edmites en simplify_symbols() para validar que st_shndx est\u00e1 dentro del rango v\u00e1lido antes de usarlo.\n\nEste problema fue descubierto debido a un error en llvm-objcopy, ver la discusi\u00f3n relevante para m\u00e1s detalles [1].\n\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-modules/20251224005752.201911-1-ihor.solodrai@linux.dev/"}], "id": "CVE-2026-31521", "lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": 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"Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-787"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: module: Fix kernel panic when a symbol st_shndx is out of bounds", "id": "2460695", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2460695"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-1285", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. The module loader, specifically in the simplify_symbols() function, does not properly validate the bounds of the ELF (Executable and Linkable Format) section index. An attacker could craft a malicious module with an out-of-bounds st_shndx value, leading to a kernel panic and a Denial of Service (DoS) on the system."], "name": "CVE-2026-31521", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31521\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31521\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042212-CVE-2026-31521-b61e@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,5d16f519b6eb1d071807e57efe0df2baa8d32ad6)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,4bbdb0e48176fd281c2b9a211b110db6fd94e175)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,082f15d2887329e0f43fd3727e69365f5bfe5d2c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,ec2b22a58073f80739013588af448ff6e2ab906f)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,ef75dc1401d8e797ee51559a0dd0336c225e1776)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,6ba6957c640f58dc8ef046981a045da43e47ea23)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,f9d69d5e7bde2295eb7488a56f094ac8f5383b92)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[5.15.203,5.16.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.1.168,6.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.131,6.7.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.80,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.21,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.19.11,6.20.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-29T03:21:16.565504+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Apply the latest Linux kernel update that includes the bounds\u2011check fix.", "If an update cannot be applied immediately, restrict module loading by enforcing module signing or disabling module loading altogether.", "Ensure that modules are built with a reliable toolchain that does not introduce out\u2011of\u2011bounds section indices, such as avoiding the faulty llvm-objcopy, and monitor kernel logs for panic events."], "summary": {"action": "Patch", "impact": "Kernel Crash (Denial of Service)"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "All Linux kernel releases are affected because the vulnerability resides in generic loader code shared across distributions; no specific vendor or product version is listed.", "description_and_impact": "Based on the description, the Linux kernel module loader fails to validate the ELF section index referenced by a symbol. When a module contains an out\u2011of\u2011bounds st_shndx value, the loader accesses memory outside the allocated array, resulting in a page\u2011fault and a kernel panic that stops the system.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score of 5.5 indicates a moderate\u2011severity denial of service. The EPSS score is < 1%, and the issue is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, suggesting no widespread active exploitation. Based on the description, it is inferred that the attack vector requires the attacker to load a malicious or corrupted kernel module, which generally implies local privileged access or an environment that permits untrusted module loading."}}}}, "created": "2026-04-22T18:45:23.767987+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-29T03:30:15.939420+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}