CVE-2026-31516

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If the net namespace is torn down\nbefore that work runs, the associated struct net may already have\nbeen freed, and xfrm_hash_rebuild() may then dereference stale memory.\n\nxfrm_policy_fini() already flushes policy_hash_work during teardown,\nbut it does not synchronize policy_hthresh.work.\n\nSynchronize policy_hthresh.work in xfrm_policy_fini() as well, so the\nqueued work cannot outlive the net namespace teardown and access a\nfreed struct net."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached by a local NETLINK_XFRM request, specifically XFRM_MSG_NEWSPDINFO, not by remote packet processing.\nAC:L - The attacker can create the net namespace, send the request that queues policy_hthresh.work, and tear the namespace down; this is an attacker-controlled race and can be retried.\nPR:L - XFRM netlink operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN over the target network namespace. This is reachable with low privileges via user and network namespaces rather than requiring real init-namespace root.\nUI:N - No victim action is required after the attacker has local execution; the attacker directly drives the netlink request and namespace teardown.\nS:U - The impact is within the kernel security authority and does not cross a separate boundary such as guest-to-host or IOMMU isolation.\nC:H - The bug is a use-after-free of struct net reached by queued work dereferencing stale namespace memory. Under the required conservative kernel scoring guidance, UAF memory corruption is treated as capable of high confidentiality impact.\nI:H - The stale work callback writes through fields in the freed struct net and manipulates policy lists and hash state. As a kernel UAF, this is defensibly scored as high integrity impact due to potential memory corruption and control-flow exploitation.\nA:H - The stale struct net dereference can crash or corrupt the kernel during workqueue execution. Kernel crashes and UAF-triggered failures are high availability impact."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c"], "versions": [{"version": "880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c", "lessThan": "56ea2257b83ee29a543f158159e3d1abc1e3e4fe", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c", "lessThan": "8854e9367465d784046362698731c1111e3b39b8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c", "lessThan": "4e2e77843fef473ef47e322d52436d8308582a96", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c", "lessThan": "29fe3a61bcdce398ee3955101c39f89c01a8a77e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_policy.c"], "versions": [{"version": "3.18", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "3.18", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.80", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.21", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.80"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.11"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56ea2257b83ee29a543f158159e3d1abc1e3e4fe"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8854e9367465d784046362698731c1111e3b39b8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e2e77843fef473ef47e322d52436d8308582a96"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/29fe3a61bcdce398ee3955101c39f89c01a8a77e"}], "title": "xfrm: prevent policy_hthresh.work from racing with netns teardown", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-31516", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:10:33.949707Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-416", "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free"}]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:45:54.791Z"}}]}}

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If the net namespace is torn down\nbefore that work runs, the associated struct net may already have\nbeen freed, and xfrm_hash_rebuild() may then dereference stale memory.\n\nxfrm_policy_fini() already flushes policy_hash_work during teardown,\nbut it does not synchronize policy_hthresh.work.\n\nSynchronize policy_hthresh.work in xfrm_policy_fini() as well, so the\nqueued work cannot outlive the net namespace teardown and access a\nfreed struct net."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.80", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.11", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "7.0", "versionStartIncluding": "3.18"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:23:13.439Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-31516", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:45:54.791Z", "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.107Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:54:32.851Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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If the net namespace is torn down\nbefore that work runs, the associated struct net may already have\nbeen freed, and xfrm_hash_rebuild() may then dereference stale memory.\n\nxfrm_policy_fini() already flushes policy_hash_work during teardown,\nbut it does not synchronize policy_hthresh.work.\n\nSynchronize policy_hthresh.work in xfrm_policy_fini() as well, so the\nqueued work cannot outlive the net namespace teardown and access a\nfreed struct net."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nxfrm: evitar que policy_hthresh.work compita con el desmantelamiento de netns\n\nUna solicitud XFRM_MSG_NEWSPDINFO puede encolar el elemento de trabajo por red policy_hthresh.work en la cola de trabajo del sistema.\n\nLa devoluci\u00f3n de llamada encolada, xfrm_hash_rebuild(), recupera la struct net contenedora a trav\u00e9s de container_of(). Si el espacio de nombres de red es desmantelado antes de que se ejecute ese trabajo, la struct net asociada puede que ya haya sido liberada, y xfrm_hash_rebuild() puede entonces desreferenciar memoria obsoleta.\n\nxfrm_policy_fini() ya vac\u00eda policy_hash_work durante el desmantelamiento, pero no sincroniza policy_hthresh.work.\n\nSincronizar policy_hthresh.work tambi\u00e9n en xfrm_policy_fini(), para que el trabajo encolado no pueda sobrevivir al desmantelamiento del espacio de nombres de red y acceder a una struct net liberada."}], "id": "CVE-2026-31516", "lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-31516", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:10:33.949707Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-04-22T14:16:51.130", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/29fe3a61bcdce398ee3955101c39f89c01a8a77e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e2e77843fef473ef47e322d52436d8308582a96"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56ea2257b83ee29a543f158159e3d1abc1e3e4fe"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8854e9367465d784046362698731c1111e3b39b8"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: xfrm: prevent policy_hthresh.work from racing with netns teardown", "id": "2460720", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2460720"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-364", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's XFRM (IP eXtensible FRamework) subsystem. A race condition can occur during the teardown of a network namespace, where a work item attempts to access memory that has already been freed. This can lead to a use-after-free vulnerability, potentially causing system instability or denial of service."], "name": "CVE-2026-31516", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31516\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31516\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042210-CVE-2026-31516-59d8@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c,56ea2257b83ee29a543f158159e3d1abc1e3e4fe)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c,8854e9367465d784046362698731c1111e3b39b8)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c,4e2e77843fef473ef47e322d52436d8308582a96)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[880a6fab8f6ba5b5abe59ea68533202ddea1012c,29fe3a61bcdce398ee3955101c39f89c01a8a77e)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[3.18,3.18]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,3.18)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.80,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.21,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.19.11,6.20.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.0,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-04-22T18:45:24.009669+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-19T21:30:03.918047+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}