CVE-2026-31448

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This causes subsequent mkdir operations to reference\nthe previously reclaimed physical block number again, even though this\nphysical block is already being used by the xattr block. Therefore, a\nsituation arises where both the directory and xattr are using the same\nbuffer head block in memory simultaneously.\n\nThe above causes ext4_xattr_block_set() to enter an infinite loop about\n\"inserted\" and cannot release the inode lock, ultimately leading to the\n143s blocking problem mentioned in [1].\n\nIf the metadata is corrupted, then trying to remove some extent space\ncan do even more harm. Also in case EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE\nwas passed, remove space wrongly update quota information.\nJan Kara suggests distinguishing between two cases:\n\n1) The error is ENOSPC or EDQUOT - in this case the filesystem is fully\nconsistent and we must maintain its consistency including all the\naccounting. However these errors can happen only early before we've\ninserted the extent into the extent tree. So current code works correctly\nfor this case.\n\n2) Some other error - this means metadata is corrupted. We should strive to\ndo as few modifications as possible to limit damage. So I'd just skip\nfreeing of allocated blocks.\n\n[1]\nINFO: task syz.0.17:5995 blocked for more than 143 seconds.\nCall Trace:\n inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:1073 [inline]\n __start_dirop fs/namei.c:2923 [inline]\n start_dirop fs/namei.c:2934 [inline]"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.4, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable ext4 path is reachable through VFS mkdir/mknod/xattr operations, and the same operations can be driven remotely through in-kernel file servers such as ksmbd or nfsd on an ext4-backed writable export. A network-accessible writable share is a reasonable severe deployment scenario.\nAC:L - No race or probabilistic exploitation condition is required; once the affected ext4 state exists, the attacker can repeatedly drive the create/xattr sequence that reaches the stale extent mapping. The attacker controls the filesystem operations that trigger the hang.\nPR:N - In the most severe reasonable deployment, a guest/anonymous writable network export can expose the needed create operations without prior authentication. Locally, the same path only needs ordinary write permission on the directory, not kernel capabilities.\nUI:N - The attacker can trigger the vulnerable operations directly by issuing filesystem requests. No separate victim action is required in the network-export scenario.\nS:U - The impact remains within the Linux kernel/filesystem security authority. There is no VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-scope boundary crossing.\nC:L - The stale block aliasing can cause filesystem metadata/xattr contents to be interpreted through the wrong object, giving a plausible limited metadata disclosure risk. It is not a kernel memory arbitrary-read primitive.\nI:H - The bug creates a double-use physical block situation where directory and xattr metadata share the same buffer, allowing attacker-driven filesystem operations to corrupt security-relevant filesystem metadata. Given uncertainty about controllability of the aliased xattr block, the higher severity integrity value is selected.\nA:H - The observed failure is an infinite loop while holding inode locks, causing hung tasks for more than 143 seconds and repeatable filesystem denial of service. Kernel hung-task/deadlock conditions are high availability impact."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ext4/extents.c"], "versions": [{"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "c66545e83a802c3851d9be27a41c0479dd29ff0c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "ecc50bfca9b5c2ee6aeef998181689b80477367b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "3a7667595bcad84da53fc156a418e110267c3412", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "416c86f30f91b4fb2642ef6b102596ca898f41a5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "64f425b06b3bea9abc8977fd3982779b3ad070c9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "315054f023d28ee64f308adf8b5737831541776b", "lessThan": "5422fe71d26d42af6c454ca9527faaad4e677d6c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/ext4/extents.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2.6.22", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.22", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.168", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.131", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.80", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.21", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.168"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.131"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.80"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.21"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": 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A network-accessible writable share is a reasonable severe deployment scenario.\nAC:L - No race or probabilistic exploitation condition is required; once the affected ext4 state exists, the attacker can repeatedly drive the create/xattr sequence that reaches the stale extent mapping. The attacker controls the filesystem operations that trigger the hang.\nPR:N - In the most severe reasonable deployment, a guest/anonymous writable network export can expose the needed create operations without prior authentication. Locally, the same path only needs ordinary write permission on the directory, not kernel capabilities.\nUI:N - The attacker can trigger the vulnerable operations directly by issuing filesystem requests. No separate victim action is required in the network-export scenario.\nS:U - The impact remains within the Linux kernel/filesystem security authority. 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This causes subsequent mkdir operations to reference\nthe previously reclaimed physical block number again, even though this\nphysical block is already being used by the xattr block. Therefore, a\nsituation arises where both the directory and xattr are using the same\nbuffer head block in memory simultaneously.\n\nThe above causes ext4_xattr_block_set() to enter an infinite loop about\n\"inserted\" and cannot release the inode lock, ultimately leading to the\n143s blocking problem mentioned in [1].\n\nIf the metadata is corrupted, then trying to remove some extent space\ncan do even more harm. Also in case EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE\nwas passed, remove space wrongly update quota information.\nJan Kara suggests distinguishing between two cases:\n\n1) The error is ENOSPC or EDQUOT - in this case the filesystem is fully\nconsistent and we must maintain its consistency including all the\naccounting. 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This causes subsequent mkdir operations to reference\nthe previously reclaimed physical block number again, even though this\nphysical block is already being used by the xattr block. Therefore, a\nsituation arises where both the directory and xattr are using the same\nbuffer head block in memory simultaneously.\n\nThe above causes ext4_xattr_block_set() to enter an infinite loop about\n\"inserted\" and cannot release the inode lock, ultimately leading to the\n143s blocking problem mentioned in [1].\n\nIf the metadata is corrupted, then trying to remove some extent space\ncan do even more harm. Also in case EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE\nwas passed, remove space wrongly update quota information.\nJan Kara suggests distinguishing between two cases:\n\n1) The error is ENOSPC or EDQUOT - in this case the filesystem is fully\nconsistent and we must maintain its consistency including all the\naccounting. However these errors can happen only early before we've\ninserted the extent into the extent tree. So current code works correctly\nfor this case.\n\n2) Some other error - this means metadata is corrupted. We should strive to\ndo as few modifications as possible to limit damage. So I'd just skip\nfreeing of allocated blocks.\n\n[1]\nINFO: task syz.0.17:5995 blocked for more than 143 seconds.\nCall Trace:\n inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:1073 [inline]\n __start_dirop fs/namei.c:2923 [inline]\n start_dirop fs/namei.c:2934 [inline]"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\next4: evitar bucles infinitos causados por datos residuales\n\nEn la ruta mkdir/mknod, al mapear bloques l\u00f3gicos a bloques f\u00edsicos, si la inserci\u00f3n de un nuevo extent en el \u00e1rbol de extents falla (en este ejemplo, porque el sistema de archivos deshabilit\u00f3 la caracter\u00edstica de archivos grandes al marcar el inodo como sucio), ext4_ext_map_blocks() solo llama a ext4_free_blocks() para reclamar el bloque f\u00edsico sin eliminar los datos correspondientes en el \u00e1rbol de extents. Esto hace que las operaciones mkdir posteriores referencien de nuevo el n\u00famero de bloque f\u00edsico previamente reclamado, aunque este bloque f\u00edsico ya est\u00e9 siendo utilizado por el bloque xattr. Por lo tanto, surge una situaci\u00f3n en la que tanto el directorio como xattr est\u00e1n utilizando el mismo bloque de cabecera de b\u00fafer en memoria simult\u00e1neamente.\n\nLo anterior hace que ext4_xattr_block_set() entre en un bucle infinito sobre \u2019inserted\u2019 y no pueda liberar el bloqueo del inodo, lo que finalmente lleva al problema de bloqueo de 143s mencionado en [1].\n\nSi los metadatos est\u00e1n corruptos, entonces intentar eliminar algo de espacio de extent puede causar a\u00fan m\u00e1s da\u00f1o. Tambi\u00e9n en caso de que se pasara EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE, la eliminaci\u00f3n de espacio actualiza err\u00f3neamente la informaci\u00f3n de cuota. Jan Kara sugiere distinguir entre dos casos:\n\n1) El error es ENOSPC o EDQUOT - en este caso el sistema de archivos es totalmente consistente y debemos mantener su consistencia incluyendo toda la contabilidad. Sin embargo, estos errores solo pueden ocurrir temprano antes de haber insertado el extent en el \u00e1rbol de extents. Por lo tanto, el c\u00f3digo actual funciona correctamente para este caso.\n\n2) Alg\u00fan otro error - esto significa que los metadatos est\u00e1n corruptos. Debemos esforzarnos por hacer la menor cantidad de modificaciones posible para limitar el da\u00f1o. As\u00ed que simplemente omitir\u00eda la liberaci\u00f3n de bloques asignados.\n\n[1]\nINFO: la tarea syz.0.17:5995 bloqueada durante m\u00e1s de 143 segundos.\nTraza de Llamada:\n inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:1073 [inline]\n __start_dirop fs/namei.c:2923 [inline]\n start_dirop fs/namei.c:2934 [inline]"}], "id": "CVE-2026-31448", "lastModified": "2026-11-11T23:10:00.263", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.4, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.5, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-31448", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:09:25.858485Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-04-22T14:16:38.760", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a7667595bcad84da53fc156a418e110267c3412"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/416c86f30f91b4fb2642ef6b102596ca898f41a5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5422fe71d26d42af6c454ca9527faaad4e677d6c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64f425b06b3bea9abc8977fd3982779b3ad070c9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c66545e83a802c3851d9be27a41c0479dd29ff0c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ecc50bfca9b5c2ee6aeef998181689b80477367b"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-835"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-835"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: ext4: avoid infinite loops caused by residual data", "id": "2460639", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2460639"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-772", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem. When creating a directory or node, if an extent insertion fails, the system may not properly clear residual data. This can lead to a situation where both directory and extended attribute (xattr) blocks simultaneously use the same memory buffer, causing an infinite loop. A local attacker could exploit this to trigger a system hang, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). Additionally, this flaw could lead to metadata corruption."], "name": "CVE-2026-31448", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31448\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31448\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026042247-CVE-2026-31448-3c50@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,c66545e83a802c3851d9be27a41c0479dd29ff0c)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,ecc50bfca9b5c2ee6aeef998181689b80477367b)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,3a7667595bcad84da53fc156a418e110267c3412)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,416c86f30f91b4fb2642ef6b102596ca898f41a5)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,64f425b06b3bea9abc8977fd3982779b3ad070c9)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2,5422fe71d26d42af6c454ca9527faaad4e677d6c)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.1.168,6.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.131,6.7.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.80,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.21,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.19.11,6.20.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.0,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-04-22T16:00:11.219317+00:00", "updated": "2026-05-07T20:00:12.059941+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}