CVE-2026-28228

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "OpenOLAT", "vendor": "OpenOLAT", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "< 19.1.31"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 20.1.18"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "< 20.2.5"}]}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:frentix:openolat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "812979F6-BF3D-440D-BFA4-B7E04D232673", "versionEndExcluding": "19.1.31", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:frentix:openolat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F7FE8D10-D2FC-414F-83B6-BEC727F4CBEE", "versionEndExcluding": "20.1.18", "versionStartIncluding": "20.0.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:frentix:openolat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5A018E32-1524-4C2A-82B4-931269B86D1D", "versionEndExcluding": "20.2.5", "versionStartIncluding": "20.2.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "OpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. Prior to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5, an authenticated user with the Author role can inject Velocity directives into a reminder email template. When the reminder is processed (either triggered manually or via the daily cron job), the injected directives are evaluated server-side. By chaining Velocity's #set directive with Java reflection, an attacker can instantiate arbitrary Java classes such as java.lang.ProcessBuilder and execute operating system commands with the privileges of the Tomcat process (typically root in containerized deployments). This issue has been patched in versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "OpenOlat es una plataforma de e-learning de c\u00f3digo abierto basada en web para la ense\u00f1anza, el aprendizaje, la evaluaci\u00f3n y la comunicaci\u00f3n. Antes de las versiones 19.1.31, 20.1.18 y 20.2.5, un usuario autenticado con el rol de Autor puede inyectar directivas de Velocity en una plantilla de correo electr\u00f3nico de recordatorio. Cuando el recordatorio es procesado (ya sea activado manualmente o a trav\u00e9s de la tarea cron diaria), las directivas inyectadas son evaluadas en el lado del servidor. Al encadenar la directiva #set de Velocity con la reflexi\u00f3n de Java, un atacante puede instanciar clases Java arbitrarias como java.lang.ProcessBuilder y ejecutar comandos del sistema operativo con los privilegios del proceso Tomcat (t\u00edpicamente root en despliegues en contenedores). Este problema ha sido parcheado en las versiones 19.1.31, 20.1.18 y 20.2.5."}], "id": "CVE-2026-28228", "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:28:22.257", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-28228", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-03-31T18:51:12.402407Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-03-30T21:17:08.740", "references": [{"source": "security-advisories@github.com", "tags": ["Mitigation", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/OpenOLAT/OpenOLAT/security/advisories/GHSA-55qg-vvgj-ffh4"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-1336"}], "source": "security-advisories@github.com", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,19.1.31)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,20.1.18)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,20.2.5)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "cna", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "cna"}]}, "product": "openolat", "vendor": "openolat"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-02T21:43:54.126092+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Upgrade OpenOLAT to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, or 20.2.5 or later.", "If upgrading is not immediately possible, restrict Authors from editing reminder email templates or disable the reminder feature.", "Audit existing email templates for injected directives and remove any suspicious code.", "Monitor for any unexpected scheduled email activity or system commands."], "summary": {"action": "Apply Patch", "impact": "Remote Code Execution"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "The affected product is OpenOLAT, before versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5. Users running these older releases are exposed to the risk if reminder email templates can be edited by Authors.", "description_and_impact": "The vulnerability is a Server\u2011Side Template Injection in Velocity templates that allows an authenticated user with the Author role to inject directives, leading to arbitrary code execution on the server. This flaw, identified as CWE\u20111336, permits a malicious actor to instantiate Java classes such as java.lang.ProcessBuilder and run operating system commands with the privileges of the Tomcat process, potentially compromising the entire platform.", "risk_and_exploitability": "With a CVSS score of 8.8 the severity is high, yet the EPSS score is below 1 %, indicating low current exploit prevalence. The vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Exploitation requires an authenticated Author role and manipulation of reminder email templates, which may be triggered manually or via a daily cron job; afterward, the injected Velocity directives are evaluated server\u2011side, enabling remote code execution."}}}}, "created": "2026-03-31T19:59:53.597632+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-03T09:38:02.730337+00:00", "vendors": ["openolat", "openolat$PRODUCT$openolat"]}