CVE-2026-23531

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Prior to version 3.21.0, in ClearCodec, when `glyphData` is present, `clear_decompress` calls `freerdp_image_copy_no_overlap` without validating the destination rectangle, allowing an out-of-bounds read/write via crafted RDPGFX surface updates. A malicious server can trigger a client\u2011side heap buffer overflow, causing a crash (DoS) and potential heap corruption with code\u2011execution risk depending on allocator behavior and surrounding heap layout. Version 3.21.0 contains a patch for the issue."}], "source": {"advisory": "GHSA-xj5h-9cr5-23c5", "discovery": "UNKNOWN"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-01-20T21:37:06.179601Z", "id": "CVE-2026-23531", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-20T21:37:13.986Z"}}, {"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "freerdp", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.1", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": 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"rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "freerdp", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "2:2.4.1-6.el9_2.2", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "freerdp", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "2:2.11.2-1.el9_4.1", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "freerdp", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "2:2.11.7-1.el9_6.1", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "freerdp", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6", "vendor": "Red Hat"}], "datePublic": "2026-01-19T17:01:01.380Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A flaw was found in FreeRDP. A malicious server can exploit an out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability in the ClearCodec component by sending crafted RDPGFX surface updates. This can trigger a client-side heap buffer overflow, leading to a crash (Denial of Service (DoS)) and potential heap corruption with a risk of arbitrary code execution. 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A malicious server can exploit an out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability in the ClearCodec component by sending crafted RDPGFX surface updates. This can trigger a client-side heap buffer overflow, leading to a crash (Denial of Service (DoS)) and potential heap corruption with a risk of arbitrary code execution. For this vulnerability to be exploited, a client must connect to a maliciously-configured server."}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-122", "description": "Heap-based Buffer Overflow"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "shortName": "redhat-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:18:32.426Z"}}, {"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-23531", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-01-20T21:37:06.179601Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-20T21:37:10.867Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "FreeRDP has heap-buffer-overflow in clear_decompress", "source": {"advisory": "GHSA-xj5h-9cr5-23c5", "discovery": "UNKNOWN"}, "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"version": "4.0", "baseScore": 7.7, "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE"}}], "affected": [{"vendor": "FreeRDP", "product": "FreeRDP", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "< 3.21.0"}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-xj5h-9cr5-23c5", "name": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-xj5h-9cr5-23c5", "tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/38514dfa5813aa945a86cfbcec279033f8394468/libfreerdp/codec/clear.c#L1139-L1145", "name": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/38514dfa5813aa945a86cfbcec279033f8394468/libfreerdp/codec/clear.c#L1139-L1145", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/releases/tag/3.21.0", "name": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/releases/tag/3.21.0", "tags": ["x_refsource_MISC"]}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. 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{"bugzilla": {"description": "freerdp: FreeRDP: Heap buffer overflow via crafted RDPGFX surface updates leads to denial of service and potential code execution.", "id": "2430887", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430887"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.6", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-122", "details": ["A flaw was found in FreeRDP. A malicious server can exploit an out-of-bounds read/write vulnerability in the ClearCodec component by sending crafted RDPGFX surface updates. This can trigger a client-side heap buffer overflow, leading to a crash (Denial of Service (DoS)) and potential heap corruption with a risk of arbitrary code execution. For this vulnerability to be exploited, a client must connect to a maliciously-configured server."], "name": "CVE-2026-23531", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "freerdp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "freerdp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "freerdp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "freerdp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "freerdp", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-01-19T17:01:01Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23531\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23531\nhttps://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/38514dfa5813aa945a86cfbcec279033f8394468/libfreerdp/codec/clear.c#L1139-L1145\nhttps://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/releases/tag/3.21.0\nhttps://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-xj5h-9cr5-23c5"], "statement": "For this vulnerability to be exploited, a client must connect to a maliciously-configured server. Red Hat recommends that FreeRDP clients are only used to connect to trusted servers.", "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-18T05:10:12.802218+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Upgrade the FreeRDP client to version 3.21.0 or later, which includes the fix for the clear_decompress buffer overflow.", "Limit RDP connections to trusted servers by implementing firewall rules or network segmentation.", "If an upgrade cannot be performed immediately, monitor the client for abnormal crashes or memory corruption, and avoid processing RDPGFX surface updates from untrusted sources until the patch is installed."], "summary": {"action": "Immediate Patch", "impact": "Potential remote code execution via heap buffer overflow"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "The flaw affects the FreeRDP project, specifically the FreeRDP client implementing the Remote Desktop Protocol. All releases prior to version 3.21.0 are vulnerable; the issue was fixed in the 3.21.0 release.", "description_and_impact": "FreeRDP's ClearCodec decompress routine reads glyphData without validating the destination rectangle. This missing bounds check can cause an out\u2011of\u2011bounds write to the heap when the server sends crafted RDPGFX surface updates. The exploit can crash the client (Denial of Service) and, in some memory layouts, may corrupt heap metadata, giving an attacker the possibility to execute arbitrary code.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The vulnerability is assessed with a CVSS score of 7.7, indicating high severity. The EPSS rating is less than 1%, suggesting very low current exploit probability. The vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Attackers would need to control an RDP server capable of sending malformed surface updates to a FreeRDP client. Because the flaw resides on the client side, a local or remote attacker could trigger the overflow and potentially gain code execution if the heap layout is favorable."}}}}, "created": "2026-01-20T08:40:57.336062+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-18T05:15:15.981286+00:00", "vendors": ["freerdp", "freerdp$PRODUCT$freerdp"]}