CVE-2026-13149

brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity

Published Jun 30, 2026 CVSS 4.0 · 7.7 High EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Description
brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.

Remediation

No solution or workaround provided in the CVE record

Tracking

Sign in to view the affected projects.

Advisories

Source ID Title
Github GHSA Github GHSA GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp brace-expansion: DoS via exponential-time expansion of consecutive non-expanding {} groups
History
Type Values Removed Values Added
Title Application Denial of Service via Brace Expansion Exponential Complexity brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity
Weaknesses CWE-1333
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

cvssV3_1

{'score': 7.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

threat_severity

Important

Type Values Removed Values Added
First Time appeared Juliangruber
Juliangruber brace-expansion
Vendors & Products Juliangruber
Juliangruber brace-expansion
Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'yes', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Type Values Removed Values Added
Title Application Denial of Service via Brace Expansion Exponential Complexity
Type Values Removed Values Added
Description brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.
Weaknesses CWE-400
CWE-407
References
Metrics cvssV4_0

{'score': 7.7, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber'}

Weaknesses

Sources

Status
PUBLISHED
Assigner
seal
Published
Updated
Jul 8, 2026, 11:38 AM
Reserved
Jun 24, 2026, 10:17 AM
Status
Deferred
Published
Jun 30, 2026, 10:16 AM
Modified
Oct 25, 2026, 9:10 PM
Severity
Important
Public date
Jun 30, 2026, 8:30 AM