CVE-2026-104635

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-104635", "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "EEF", "dateReserved": "2026-10-08T14:45:01.406Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-09T08:17:52.372Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "0.17.1", "status": "affected", "version": "0.8.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:github/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff", "status": "affected", "version": "b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370", "versionType": "git"}]}], "configurations": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message."}], "value": "The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "0.17.1", "versionStartIncluding": "0.8.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}], "operator": "AND"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "reporter", "value": "Daniel Coles"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "finder", "value": "Daniel Coles"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Andrea Leopardi"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "coordinator", "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"}], "dateAssigned": "2026-10-08T15:40:42.000Z", "datePublic": "2026-10-09T08:17:52.000Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in <code>Protobuf.JSON.Decode</code> in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.</p>\n<p>In <code>lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex</code>, the embedded-message clause of <code>decode_singular/3</code> recurses into <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard <code>increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1</code> covers only the <code>Google.Protobuf.ListValue</code> and <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> clauses, so the <code>recursion_limit</code> option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.</p>\n<p>This issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in `Protobuf.JSON.Decode` in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn `lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex`, the embedded-message clause of `decode_singular/3` recurses into `internal_from_json_data/3` once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard `increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1` covers only the `Google.Protobuf.ListValue` and `Google.Protobuf.Struct` clauses, so the `recursion_limit` option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1."}], "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-230", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads."}], "value": "An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads."}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-674", "description": "CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T09:24:37.025Z"}, "references": [{"name": "GitHub Advisory", "tags": ["related", "vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6"}, {"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html"}, {"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635"}, {"name": "Introducing commit b0a1d4e in elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370"}, {"name": "Fix commit e9432ad in elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "title": "Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages", "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> is called.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` is called."}], "value": "Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 is called."}], "x_proofOfConcept": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<ol>\n<li>Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a <code>TreeNode</code> message with a single embedded field <code>child</code> of type <code>TreeNode</code>.</li>\n<li>Build a JSON document that nests the <code>child</code> field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping <code>{}</code> in <code>{\"child\": ...}</code> 5,000 times.</li>\n<li>Decode it with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100)</code>.</li>\n<li>Observe that no <code>Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError</code> for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> payload raises <code>{:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}</code>. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion.</li>\n</ol>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "1. Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a `TreeNode` message with a single embedded field `child` of type `TreeNode`.\n2. Build a JSON document that nests the `child` field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping `{}` in `{\"child\": ...}` 5,000 times.\n3. Decode it with `Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100)`.\n4. Observe that no `Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError` for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a `Google.Protobuf.Struct` payload raises `{:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}`. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion."}], "value": "* Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a TreeNode message with a single embedded field child of type TreeNode.\n* Build a JSON document that nests the child field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping {} in {\"child\": ...} 5,000 times.\n* Decode it with Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100).\n* Observe that no Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a Google.Protobuf.Struct payload raises {:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion."}], "x_technicalAnalysis": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p><strong>1. Entry points.</strong> <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, and <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> in <code>lib/protobuf/json.ex</code> validate options and call <code>Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3</code>, which builds a <code>state</code> map carrying <code>depth: 0</code> and the <code>recursion_limit</code> (default 100). <code>from_decoded/3</code> accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.</p>\n<p><strong>2. Unguarded recursion.</strong> For a user-defined message module, <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> calls <code>decode_message/4</code>, which calls <code>decode_regular_fields/3</code> and <code>decode_oneof_fields/3</code>. Each field value passes through <code>decode_value/3</code> and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the <code>decode_singular/3</code> clause matching <code>embedded?: true</code>. That clause calls <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> with <code>state</code> unchanged, so <code>state.depth</code> stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through <code>decode_repeated/3</code> and <code>decode_map/3</code>.</p>\n<p><strong>3. Guard coverage.</strong> <code>increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1</code> increments <code>depth</code> and throws <code>{:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit}</code> when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the <code>Google.Protobuf.ListValue</code> and <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> clauses, which the <code>Google.Protobuf.Value</code> clause delegates to. The <code>recursion_limit</code> documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.</p>\n<p><strong>4. Result.</strong> A self-referential schema such as a <code>Tree</code> message with a <code>Tree child</code> field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM <code>max_heap_size</code> process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "**1. Entry points.** `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, and `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` in `lib/protobuf/json.ex` validate options and call `Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3`, which builds a `state` map carrying `depth: 0` and the `recursion_limit` (default 100). `from_decoded/3` accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.\n\n**2. Unguarded recursion.** For a user-defined message module, `internal_from_json_data/3` calls `decode_message/4`, which calls `decode_regular_fields/3` and `decode_oneof_fields/3`. Each field value passes through `decode_value/3` and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the `decode_singular/3` clause matching `embedded?: true`. That clause calls `internal_from_json_data/3` with `state` unchanged, so `state.depth` stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through `decode_repeated/3` and `decode_map/3`.\n\n**3. Guard coverage.** `increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1` increments `depth` and throws `{:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit}` when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the `Google.Protobuf.ListValue` and `Google.Protobuf.Struct` clauses, which the `Google.Protobuf.Value` clause delegates to. The `recursion_limit` documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.\n\n**4. Result.** A self-referential schema such as a `Tree` message with a `Tree child` field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM `max_heap_size` process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node."}], "value": "1. Entry points. Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, and Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 in lib/protobuf/json.ex validate options and call Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3, which builds a state map carrying depth: 0 and the recursion_limit (default 100). from_decoded/3 accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.\n\n2. Unguarded recursion. For a user-defined message module, internal_from_json_data/3 calls decode_message/4, which calls decode_regular_fields/3 and decode_oneof_fields/3. Each field value passes through decode_value/3 and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the decode_singular/3 clause matching embedded?: true. That clause calls internal_from_json_data/3 with state unchanged, so state.depth stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through decode_repeated/3 and decode_map/3.\n\n3. Guard coverage. increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 increments depth and throws {:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit} when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, which the Google.Protobuf.Value clause delegates to. The recursion_limit documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.\n\n4. Result. A self-referential schema such as a Tree message with a Tree child field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM max_heap_size process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node."}]}, "adp": [{"references": [{"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["exploit"]}], "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2026-10-15T15:56:39.227631Z", "id": "CVE-2026-104635", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-104635", "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "EEF", "dateReserved": "2026-10-08T14:45:01.406Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-09T08:17:52.372Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "0.17.1", "status": "affected", "version": "0.8.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:github/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff", "status": "affected", "version": "b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370", "versionType": "git"}]}], "configurations": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message."}], "value": "The application decodes attacker-controlled JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a message type whose schema contains a self-referential or cyclic embedded message."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "0.17.1", "versionStartIncluding": "0.8.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}], "operator": "AND"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "reporter", "value": "Daniel Coles"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "finder", "value": "Daniel Coles"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Andrea Leopardi"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "coordinator", "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"}], "dateAssigned": "2026-10-08T15:40:42.000Z", "datePublic": "2026-10-09T08:17:52.000Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in <code>Protobuf.JSON.Decode</code> in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.</p>\n<p>In <code>lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex</code>, the embedded-message clause of <code>decode_singular/3</code> recurses into <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard <code>increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1</code> covers only the <code>Google.Protobuf.ListValue</code> and <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> clauses, so the <code>recursion_limit</code> option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.</p>\n<p>This issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in `Protobuf.JSON.Decode` in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn `lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex`, the embedded-message clause of `decode_singular/3` recurses into `internal_from_json_data/3` once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard `increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1` covers only the `Google.Protobuf.ListValue` and `Google.Protobuf.Struct` clauses, so the `recursion_limit` option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1."}], "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-230", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads."}], "value": "An unauthenticated client that can reach an endpoint decoding JSON into a self-referential message type can crash the decoding process through stack and memory exhaustion with a single request. Repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node and disrupt co-located workloads."}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-674", "description": "CWE-674 Uncontrolled Recursion", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-09T09:24:37.025Z"}, "references": [{"name": "GitHub Advisory", "tags": ["related", "vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6"}, {"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html"}, {"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635"}, {"name": "Introducing commit b0a1d4e in elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370"}, {"name": "Fix commit e9432ad in elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "title": "Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages", "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, or <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> is called.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, or `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` is called."}], "value": "Reject JSON documents whose nesting depth exceeds a fixed bound at the web or middleware layer before passing them to the decoder. No decoder option limits recursion for user-defined message types, so the check must happen before Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 is called."}], "x_proofOfConcept": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<ol>\n<li>Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a <code>TreeNode</code> message with a single embedded field <code>child</code> of type <code>TreeNode</code>.</li>\n<li>Build a JSON document that nests the <code>child</code> field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping <code>{}</code> in <code>{\"child\": ...}</code> 5,000 times.</li>\n<li>Decode it with <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100)</code>.</li>\n<li>Observe that no <code>Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError</code> for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> payload raises <code>{:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}</code>. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion.</li>\n</ol>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "1. Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a `TreeNode` message with a single embedded field `child` of type `TreeNode`.\n2. Build a JSON document that nests the `child` field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping `{}` in `{\"child\": ...}` 5,000 times.\n3. Decode it with `Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100)`.\n4. Observe that no `Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError` for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a `Google.Protobuf.Struct` payload raises `{:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}`. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion."}], "value": "* Define and compile a self-referential proto3 message, for example a TreeNode message with a single embedded field child of type TreeNode.\n* Build a JSON document that nests the child field several thousand levels deep, for example by wrapping {} in {\"child\": ...} 5,000 times.\n* Decode it with Protobuf.JSON.decode(json, TreeNode, recursion_limit: 100).\n* Observe that no Protobuf.JSON.DecodeError for an exceeded recursion limit is raised and the decoder walks every level. The same depth in a Google.Protobuf.Struct payload raises {:recursion_limit_exceeded, 100}. At larger depths the decoding process consumes hundreds of megabytes and crashes with stack and heap exhaustion."}], "x_technicalAnalysis": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p><strong>1. Entry points.</strong> <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode/3</code>, <code>Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3</code>, and <code>Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3</code> in <code>lib/protobuf/json.ex</code> validate options and call <code>Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3</code>, which builds a <code>state</code> map carrying <code>depth: 0</code> and the <code>recursion_limit</code> (default 100). <code>from_decoded/3</code> accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.</p>\n<p><strong>2. Unguarded recursion.</strong> For a user-defined message module, <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> calls <code>decode_message/4</code>, which calls <code>decode_regular_fields/3</code> and <code>decode_oneof_fields/3</code>. Each field value passes through <code>decode_value/3</code> and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the <code>decode_singular/3</code> clause matching <code>embedded?: true</code>. That clause calls <code>internal_from_json_data/3</code> with <code>state</code> unchanged, so <code>state.depth</code> stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through <code>decode_repeated/3</code> and <code>decode_map/3</code>.</p>\n<p><strong>3. Guard coverage.</strong> <code>increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1</code> increments <code>depth</code> and throws <code>{:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit}</code> when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the <code>Google.Protobuf.ListValue</code> and <code>Google.Protobuf.Struct</code> clauses, which the <code>Google.Protobuf.Value</code> clause delegates to. The <code>recursion_limit</code> documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.</p>\n<p><strong>4. Result.</strong> A self-referential schema such as a <code>Tree</code> message with a <code>Tree child</code> field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM <code>max_heap_size</code> process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "**1. Entry points.** `Protobuf.JSON.decode/3`, `Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3`, and `Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3` in `lib/protobuf/json.ex` validate options and call `Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3`, which builds a `state` map carrying `depth: 0` and the `recursion_limit` (default 100). `from_decoded/3` accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.\n\n**2. Unguarded recursion.** For a user-defined message module, `internal_from_json_data/3` calls `decode_message/4`, which calls `decode_regular_fields/3` and `decode_oneof_fields/3`. Each field value passes through `decode_value/3` and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the `decode_singular/3` clause matching `embedded?: true`. That clause calls `internal_from_json_data/3` with `state` unchanged, so `state.depth` stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through `decode_repeated/3` and `decode_map/3`.\n\n**3. Guard coverage.** `increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1` increments `depth` and throws `{:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit}` when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the `Google.Protobuf.ListValue` and `Google.Protobuf.Struct` clauses, which the `Google.Protobuf.Value` clause delegates to. The `recursion_limit` documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.\n\n**4. Result.** A self-referential schema such as a `Tree` message with a `Tree child` field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM `max_heap_size` process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node."}], "value": "1. Entry points. Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, and Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 in lib/protobuf/json.ex validate options and call Protobuf.JSON.Decode.from_json_data/3, which builds a state map carrying depth: 0 and the recursion_limit (default 100). from_decoded/3 accepts already-parsed data, so the underlying JSON parser never bounds the depth either.\n\n2. Unguarded recursion. For a user-defined message module, internal_from_json_data/3 calls decode_message/4, which calls decode_regular_fields/3 and decode_oneof_fields/3. Each field value passes through decode_value/3 and, for a singular embedded message, reaches the decode_singular/3 clause matching embedded?: true. That clause calls internal_from_json_data/3 with state unchanged, so state.depth stays at 0 at every nesting level. Repeated fields and map values reach the same clause through decode_repeated/3 and decode_map/3.\n\n3. Guard coverage. increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 increments depth and throws {:recursion_limit_exceeded, limit} when it exceeds the limit. It is called only from the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, which the Google.Protobuf.Value clause delegates to. The recursion_limit documentation scopes the option to those wrappers, and no other path checks depth.\n\n4. Result. A self-referential schema such as a Tree message with a Tree child field recurses once per JSON nesting level with no bound. Each level holds a live stack frame and allocates heap objects, so a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process and crashes it. The BEAM max_heap_size process flag defaults to unlimited, so repeated or concurrent requests can exhaust the memory of the whole node."}]}, "adp": [{"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2026-104635", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "poc"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T15:56:39.227631Z"}}}], "references": [{"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635", "tags": ["exploit"]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T15:57:03.950Z"}}]}}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "0.17.1", "status": "affected", "version": "0.8.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:elixir-protobuf:protobuf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode'", "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON'"], "packageName": "elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "packageURL": "pkg:github/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "product": "protobuf", "programFiles": ["lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex", "lib/protobuf/json.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':from_json_data/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON.Decode':decode_singular/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':decode!/3"}, {"name": "'Elixir.Protobuf.JSON':from_decoded/3"}], "repo": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf", "versions": [{"lessThan": "e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff", "status": "affected", "version": "b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370", "versionType": "git"}]}], "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1."}], "id": "CVE-2026-104635", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T16:17:33.810", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 8.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-104635", "options": [{"exploitation": "poc"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T15:56:39.227631Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-10-09T09:17:07.360", "references": [{"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635"}, {"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635"}], "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "vulnStatus": "Deferred", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-674"}], "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "protobuf: protobuf: Denial of Service via deeply nested JSON input", "id": "2548406", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2548406"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.9", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-770", "details": ["A flaw was found in protobuf. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by submitting a deeply nested JSON document to an application configured to decode self-referential message types. Because the decoder fails to enforce recursion limits on these structures, processing the input exhausts system memory and crashes the application."], "name": "CVE-2026-104635", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:3", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "istio-proxy", "product_name": "OpenShift Service Mesh 3"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:amq_clients:2023", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat AMQ Clients"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "python-protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:ceph_storage:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Ceph Storage 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Hardened Images"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "python-protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Satellite 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "satellite:el8/python-protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Satellite 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:4::el8", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "python-protobuf", "product_name": "Red Hat Update Infrastructure 4 for Cloud Providers"}], "public_date": "2026-10-09T08:17:52Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104635\nhttps://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370\nhttps://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6\nhttps://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0.8.0,0.17.1)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370,e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 95.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 95.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "protobuf", "source": "cna", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf"}, "product": "protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370,e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 100.0, "confidence_source": "matching", "scores": [{"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "protobuf", "source": "cna", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf"}, "product": "protobuf", "vendor": "elixir-protobuf"}], "created": "2026-10-09T09:30:03.358029+00:00", "updated": "2026-10-09T14:30:03.679880+00:00", "vendors": ["elixir-protobuf", "elixir-protobuf$PRODUCT$protobuf"]}