CVE-2025-71225

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When an I/O error\noccurs, nr_queued is increased and the corresponding r1bio is queued to\neither retry_list or bio_end_io_list. As a result, freeze_array() may\nunblock before these r1bios are released.\n\nThis can lead to a situation where conf->raid_disks and the mempool have\nalready been updated while queued r1bios, allocated with the old\nraid_disks value, are later released. Consequently, free_r1bio() may\naccess memory out of bounds in put_all_bios() and release r1bios of the\nwrong size to the new mempool, potentially causing issues with the\nmempool as well.\n\nSince only normal I/O might increase nr_queued while an I/O error occurs,\nsuspending the array avoids this issue.\n\nNote: Updating raid_disks via ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO already suspends\nthe array. Therefore, we suspend the array when updating raid_disks\nvia sysfs to avoid this issue too."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/md/md.c"], "versions": [{"version": "e2d59925221cd562e07fee38ec8839f7209ae603", "lessThan": "863b9b7be824a6b2c0587532d3ece3022c6dd451", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e2d59925221cd562e07fee38ec8839f7209ae603", "lessThan": "165d1359f945b72c5f90088f60d48ff46115269e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e2d59925221cd562e07fee38ec8839f7209ae603", "lessThan": "0107b18cd8ac17eb3e54786adc05a85cdbb6ef22", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "e2d59925221cd562e07fee38ec8839f7209ae603", "lessThan": "2cc583653bbe050bacd1cadcc9776d39bf449740", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1b9203bb4c658c0242afa6fdb025c71d2fc3ad76", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "8ccf6cfb157419847f3cb2bfdfbcdbd39860e8e9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "3.4.59", "lessThan": "3.5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "3.9.7", "lessThan": "3.10", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/md/md.c"], "versions": [{"version": "3.10", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "3.10", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.70", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.70"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.10"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.4.59"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.9.7"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/863b9b7be824a6b2c0587532d3ece3022c6dd451"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/165d1359f945b72c5f90088f60d48ff46115269e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0107b18cd8ac17eb3e54786adc05a85cdbb6ef22"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2cc583653bbe050bacd1cadcc9776d39bf449740"}], "title": "md: suspend array while updating raid_disks via sysfs", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-71225", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:16.509027Z"}}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "type": "CWE", "cweId": "CWE-362", "description": "CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')"}]}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T18:25:24.132Z"}}]}}

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When an I/O error\noccurs, nr_queued is increased and the corresponding r1bio is queued to\neither retry_list or bio_end_io_list. As a result, freeze_array() may\nunblock before these r1bios are released.\n\nThis can lead to a situation where conf->raid_disks and the mempool have\nalready been updated while queued r1bios, allocated with the old\nraid_disks value, are later released. Consequently, free_r1bio() may\naccess memory out of bounds in put_all_bios() and release r1bios of the\nwrong size to the new mempool, potentially causing issues with the\nmempool as well.\n\nSince only normal I/O might increase nr_queued while an I/O error occurs,\nsuspending the array avoids this issue.\n\nNote: Updating raid_disks via ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO already suspends\nthe array. Therefore, we suspend the array when updating raid_disks\nvia sysfs to avoid this issue too."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.70", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.10", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.19", "versionStartIncluding": "3.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "3.4.59"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "3.9.7"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:38:36.561Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-71225", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:38:36.561Z", "dateReserved": "2026-02-14T16:26:02.969Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2026-02-18T14:21:46.249Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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When an I/O error\noccurs, nr_queued is increased and the corresponding r1bio is queued to\neither retry_list or bio_end_io_list. As a result, freeze_array() may\nunblock before these r1bios are released.\n\nThis can lead to a situation where conf->raid_disks and the mempool have\nalready been updated while queued r1bios, allocated with the old\nraid_disks value, are later released. Consequently, free_r1bio() may\naccess memory out of bounds in put_all_bios() and release r1bios of the\nwrong size to the new mempool, potentially causing issues with the\nmempool as well.\n\nSince only normal I/O might increase nr_queued while an I/O error occurs,\nsuspending the array avoids this issue.\n\nNote: Updating raid_disks via ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO already suspends\nthe array. Therefore, we suspend the array when updating raid_disks\nvia sysfs to avoid this issue too."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nmd: suspender el array mientras se actualiza raid_disks a trav\u00e9s de sysfs\n\nEn raid1_reshape(), se llama a freeze_array() antes de modificar el pool de memoria r1bio (conf->r1bio_pool) y conf->raid_disks, y se llama a unfreeze_array() despu\u00e9s de que se completa la actualizaci\u00f3n.\n\nSin embargo, freeze_array() solo espera hasta que nr_sync_pending y (nr_pending - nr_queued) de todos los buckets lleguen a cero. Cuando ocurre un error de E/S, nr_queued se incrementa y el r1bio correspondiente se encola en retry_list o bio_end_io_list. Como resultado, freeze_array() puede desbloquearse antes de que estos r1bios sean liberados.\n\nEsto puede llevar a una situaci\u00f3n en la que conf->raid_disks y el mempool ya han sido actualizados mientras que los r1bios encolados, asignados con el valor antiguo de raid_disks, son liberados posteriormente. En consecuencia, free_r1bio() puede acceder a memoria fuera de los l\u00edmites en put_all_bios() y liberar r1bios de tama\u00f1o incorrecto al nuevo mempool, lo que podr\u00eda causar problemas tambi\u00e9n con el mempool.\n\nDado que solo la E/S normal podr\u00eda aumentar nr_queued mientras ocurre un error de E/S, suspender el array evita este problema.\n\nNota: La actualizaci\u00f3n de raid_disks a trav\u00e9s de ioctl SET_ARRAY_INFO ya suspende el array. Por lo tanto, suspendemos el array al actualizar raid_disks a trav\u00e9s de sysfs para evitar este problema tambi\u00e9n."}], "id": "CVE-2025-71225", "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:18:25.643", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.3, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 4.2, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-71225", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:16.509027Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-02-18T15:18:40.330", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0107b18cd8ac17eb3e54786adc05a85cdbb6ef22"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/165d1359f945b72c5f90088f60d48ff46115269e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2cc583653bbe050bacd1cadcc9776d39bf449740"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/863b9b7be824a6b2c0587532d3ece3022c6dd451"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-367"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: md: suspend array while updating raid_disks via sysfs", "id": "2440627", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2440627"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-71225", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-02-18T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71225\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71225\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026021859-CVE-2025-71225-44de@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2026-02-19T10:19:44.334981+00:00", "updated": "2026-02-19T10:19:44.335138+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}