CVE-2025-71074

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A USB host cannot directly invoke ffs_epfile_open(), so this is local rather than physical or network access.\nAC:L - The attacker can race opening a dynamic endpoint against closing the sole remaining ep0 descriptor and repeat the attempt with controlled threads. Both race sides and the freed allocation's endpoint-controlled size are attacker-controlled.\nPR:L - Mounting FunctionFS requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the initial user namespace, but endpoint opening has no capability check and uid/gid/fmode options permit delegation to non-root service accounts, as in [AOSP FunctionFS mounts](https://android.googlesource.com/device/google/gs201/%2B/587 5d29f/conf/init.gs201.usb.rc). A low-privileged local account with delegated endpoint access can therefore trigger the race.\nUI:N - The attacker independently performs endpoint configuration, concurrent open and close operations, and subsequent use of the stale descriptor without victim interaction.\nS:U - Exploitation corrupts memory within the kernel's existing security authority and constitutes ordinary local kernel compromise rather than crossing a VM or IOMMU boundary.\nC:H - The attacker-sized heap object contains numerous pointers and can be reclaimed before stale read, ioctl, or release operations, making kernel-memory disclosure through the UAF defensible.\nI:H - The stale object reaches mutex and list operations, atomic modification, xchg and kfree operations, and USB request handling, providing plausible arbitrary-write, arbitrary-free, and control-flow-hijacking primitives.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed object, locking reclaimed mutexes, freeing attacker-influenced pointers, or triggering warnings under panic-on-warn can crash or panic the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c"], "versions": [{"version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "lessThan": "e002b3c1e6a0faa53329ef0d21e6351bcece6edb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "lessThan": "585a656283c954337036422afcd9cb70dd4135e7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "lessThan": "75240e5e51c6e6d67a3039384125fa54259a3926", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "lessThan": "e5bf5ee266633cb18fff6f98f0b7d59a62819eee", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2.6.35", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.35", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.35", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.35", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.35", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.35", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e002b3c1e6a0faa53329ef0d21e6351bcece6edb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/585a656283c954337036422afcd9cb70dd4135e7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75240e5e51c6e6d67a3039384125fa54259a3926"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5bf5ee266633cb18fff6f98f0b7d59a62819eee"}], "title": "functionfs: fix the open/removal races", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "e002b3c1e6a0faa53329ef0d21e6351bcece6edb", "status": "affected", "version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "585a656283c954337036422afcd9cb70dd4135e7", "status": "affected", "version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "75240e5e51c6e6d67a3039384125fa54259a3926", "status": "affected", "version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "e5bf5ee266633cb18fff6f98f0b7d59a62819eee", "status": "affected", "version": "ddf8abd2599491cbad959c700b90ba72a5dce8d0", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_fs.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "2.6.35"}, {"lessThan": "2.6.35", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.19", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "7F5B9532-DC73-487B-B269-082C453A67EC", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.35.1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.35:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "11B11B98-42CE-41C8-A40E-FAA230FD2A76", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "17B67AA7-40D6-4AFA-8459-F200F3D7CFD1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "C47E4CC9-C826-4FA9-B014-7FE3D9B318B2", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F71D92C0-C023-48BD-B3B6-70B638EEE298", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "13580667-0A98-40CC-B29F-D12790B91BDB", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "CAD1FED7-CF48-47BF-AC7D-7B6FA3C065FC", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "3EF854A1-ABB1-4E93-BE9A-44569EC76C0D", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F5DC0CA6-F0AF-4DDF-A882-3DADB9A886A7", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.19:rc8:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "EB5B7DFC-C36B-45D8-922C-877569FDDF43", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfunctionfs: fix the open/removal races\n\nffs_epfile_open() can race with removal, ending up with file->private_data\npointing to freed object.\n\nThere is a total count of opened files on functionfs (both ep0 and\ndynamic ones) and when it hits zero, dynamic files get removed.\nUnfortunately, that removal can happen while another thread is\nin ffs_epfile_open(), but has not incremented the count yet.\nIn that case open will succeed, leaving us with UAF on any subsequent\nread() or write().\n\nThe root cause is that ffs->opened is misused; atomic_dec_and_test() vs.\natomic_add_return() is not a good idea, when object remains visible all\nalong.\n\nTo untangle that\n\t* serialize openers on ffs->mutex (both for ep0 and for dynamic files)\n\t* have dynamic ones use atomic_inc_not_zero() and fail if we had\nzero ->opened; in that case the file we are opening is doomed.\n\t* have the inodes of dynamic files marked on removal (from the\ncallback of simple_recursive_removal()) - clear ->i_private there.\n\t* have open of dynamic ones verify they hadn't been already removed,\nalong with checking that state is FFS_ACTIVE."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad:\n\nfunctionfs: corregir las condiciones de carrera de apertura/eliminaci\u00f3n\n\nffs_epfile_open() puede entrar en condici\u00f3n de carrera con la eliminaci\u00f3n, lo que resulta en que file->private_data apunte a un objeto liberado.\n\nExiste un recuento total de archivos abiertos en functionfs (tanto ep0 como los din\u00e1micos) y cuando llega a cero, los archivos din\u00e1micos se eliminan. Desafortunadamente, esa eliminaci\u00f3n puede ocurrir mientras otro hilo est\u00e1 en ffs_epfile_open(), pero a\u00fan no ha incrementado el recuento. En ese caso, la apertura tendr\u00e1 \u00e9xito, dej\u00e1ndonos con UAF en cualquier read() o write() posterior.\n\nLa causa ra\u00edz es que ffs->opened se utiliza incorrectamente; atomic_dec_and_test() frente a atomic_add_return() no es una buena idea cuando el objeto permanece visible todo el tiempo.\n\nPara desenredar eso\n* serializar los abridores en ffs->mutex (tanto para ep0 como para archivos din\u00e1micos)\n* hacer que los din\u00e1micos usen atomic_inc_not_zero() y fallen si ten\u00edamos cero ->opened; en ese caso, el archivo que estamos abriendo est\u00e1 condenado.\n* hacer que los inodos de los archivos din\u00e1micos se marquen al eliminarse (desde la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada de simple_recursive_removal()) - borrar ->i_private all\u00ed.\n* hacer que la apertura de los din\u00e1micos verifique que no hayan sido ya eliminados, junto con la comprobaci\u00f3n de que el estado es FFS_ACTIVE."}], "id": "CVE-2025-71074", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:18:25.493", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 4.7, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2026-01-13T16:16:06.860", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/585a656283c954337036422afcd9cb70dd4135e7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75240e5e51c6e6d67a3039384125fa54259a3926"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e002b3c1e6a0faa53329ef0d21e6351bcece6edb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5bf5ee266633cb18fff6f98f0b7d59a62819eee"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: functionfs: fix the open/removal races", "id": "2429062", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2429062"}, "csaw": false, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nfunctionfs: fix the open/removal races\nffs_epfile_open() can race with removal, ending up with file->private_data\npointing to freed object.\nThere is a total count of opened files on functionfs (both ep0 and\ndynamic ones) and when it hits zero, dynamic files get removed.\nUnfortunately, that removal can happen while another thread is\nin ffs_epfile_open(), but has not incremented the count yet.\nIn that case open will succeed, leaving us with UAF on any subsequent\nread() or write().\nThe root cause is that ffs->opened is misused; atomic_dec_and_test() vs.\natomic_add_return() is not a good idea, when object remains visible all\nalong.\nTo untangle that\n* serialize openers on ffs->mutex (both for ep0 and for dynamic files)\n* have dynamic ones use atomic_inc_not_zero() and fail if we had\nzero ->opened; in that case the file we are opening is doomed.\n* have the inodes of dynamic files marked on removal (from the\ncallback of simple_recursive_removal()) - clear ->i_private there.\n* have open of dynamic ones verify they hadn't been already removed,\nalong with checking that state is FFS_ACTIVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-71074", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-01-13T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-71074\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-71074\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026011326-CVE-2025-71074-f3ed@gregkh/T"]}

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