CVE-2025-68181

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-68181", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:42:59.600Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.996Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable object is the radeon `drm_device`/`radeon_device` reached through local device nodes (`/dev/dri/card*`, `/dev/dri/renderD*`) and local driver bind/unbind/module teardown; there is no network-facing path into radeon_drv.c.\nAC:L - The double `drm_dev_put()` is unconditional on both the probe-error and `.remove` paths \u2014 no race to win and no memory layout the attacker cannot influence, and the attacker chooses when to touch the stale fd, giving an unbounded free-to-use window for heap grooming.\nPR:L - radeon declares `DRIVER_RENDER`, so any unprivileged local user can open the world-accessible render node and hold the `drm_dev_get()` reference whose premature release frees the object under their still-open fd, after which their own `ioctl`/`mmap`/`close` drives the use-after-free.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the attacker's own open fd plus a routine driver teardown (unbind, module reload, hot-unplug, or shutdown in a VM) is sufficient, and the freed object is then touched by the attacker's own syscalls.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `radeon_device` container can be reclaimed by attacker-sprayed data and is then read back through `drm_ioctl()`/`dev->driver` and radeon's ioctl and postclose paths, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_dec_and_test()` writes into freed memory, and `radeon_driver_postclose_kms()` writes `rdev->hyperz_filp`/`cmask_filp` and manipulates mutexes and VM state in the freed object, giving a write primitive and function-pointer control suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a refcount underflow WARN and use-after-free on driver probe failure and on every device removal, causing kernel oops/panic and GPU subsystem failure."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "versions": [{"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.12", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.58", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b"}], "title": "drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-68181", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:59:49.394816Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.996Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-68181", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:59:49.394816Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:59:50.122Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()", "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable object is the radeon `drm_device`/`radeon_device` reached through local device nodes (`/dev/dri/card*`, `/dev/dri/renderD*`) and local driver bind/unbind/module teardown; there is no network-facing path into radeon_drv.c.\nAC:L - The double `drm_dev_put()` is unconditional on both the probe-error and `.remove` paths \u2014 no race to win and no memory layout the attacker cannot influence, and the attacker chooses when to touch the stale fd, giving an unbounded free-to-use window for heap grooming.\nPR:L - radeon declares `DRIVER_RENDER`, so any unprivileged local user can open the world-accessible render node and hold the `drm_dev_get()` reference whose premature release frees the object under their still-open fd, after which their own `ioctl`/`mmap`/`close` drives the use-after-free.\nUI:N - No victim action is needed \u2014 the attacker's own open fd plus a routine driver teardown (unbind, module reload, hot-unplug, or shutdown in a VM) is sufficient, and the freed object is then touched by the attacker's own syscalls.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory within the same security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The freed `radeon_device` container can be reclaimed by attacker-sprayed data and is then read back through `drm_ioctl()`/`dev->driver` and radeon's ioctl and postclose paths, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - `refcount_dec_and_test()` writes into freed memory, and `radeon_driver_postclose_kms()` writes `rdev->hyperz_filp`/`cmask_filp` and manipulates mutexes and VM state in the freed object, giving a write primitive and function-pointer control suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a refcount underflow WARN and use-after-free on driver probe failure and on every device removal, causing kernel oops/panic and GPU subsystem failure."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.12"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.12", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.58", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.8", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:10:04.239Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-68181", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.996Z", "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T13:41:40.252Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-12-16T13:42:59.600Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7", "status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640", "status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b", "status": "affected", "version": "a9ed2f052c5c14e4be58c5ec8794dffc87588123", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/radeon_drv.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.12"}, {"lessThan": "6.12", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.58", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.8", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()\n\nSince the allocation of the drivers main structure was changed to\ndevm_drm_dev_alloc() drm_put_dev()'ing to trigger it to be free'd\nshould be done by devres.\n\nHowever, drm_put_dev() is still in the probe error and device remove\npaths. When the driver fails to probe warnings like the following are\nshown because devres is trying to drm_put_dev() after the driver\nalready did it.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: probe with driver radeon failed with error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n[ 5.649620] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 357 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(cherry picked from commit 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\ndrm/radeon: Eliminar llamadas a drm_put_dev()\n\nDado que la asignaci\u00f3n de la estructura principal del controlador se cambi\u00f3 a devm_drm_dev_alloc(), la llamada a drm_put_dev() para activar su liberaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda ser realizada por devres.\n\nSin embargo, drm_put_dev() todav\u00eda est\u00e1 en las rutas de error de sondeo y eliminaci\u00f3n de dispositivos. Cuando el controlador falla al sondear, se muestran advertencias como las siguientes porque devres est\u00e1 intentando llamar a drm_put_dev() despu\u00e9s de que el controlador ya lo hizo.\n\n[ 5.642230] radeon 0000:01:05.0: el sondeo con el controlador radeon fall\u00f3 con error -22\n[ 5.649605] ------------[ cortar aqu\u00ed ]------------\n[ 5.649607] refcount_t: desbordamiento inferior; uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n.\n[ 5.649620] ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 0 PID: 357 en lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110\n\n(seleccionado de la confirmaci\u00f3n 3eb8c0b4c091da0a623ade0d3ee7aa4a93df1ea4)"}], "id": "CVE-2025-68181", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:19:09.670", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-68181", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:59:49.394816Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-12-16T14:15:50.660", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fa41445d8c98f2a65503c373796466496edc0e7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/745bae76acdd71709773c129a69deca01036250b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec18f6b2c743cc471b2539ddb5caed20a012e640"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: drm/radeon: Remove calls to drm_put_dev()", "id": "2422671", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2422671"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-68181", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-12-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-68181\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68181\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025121631-CVE-2025-68181-57dd@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{}