CVE-2025-54465

Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20

Published Aug 13, 2025 CVSS 4.0 · 6.8 Medium EPSS < 1% KEV · Not listed
Description
This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

Remediation

Vendor Solution

Upgrade ZKTeco WL20 Biometric Attendance System firmware to version ZLM31-FXO1-4.0.3. https://www.zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20

Tracking

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Advisories

Source ID Title
EUVD EUVD EUVD-2025-24557 This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.
History
Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'no', 'Exploitation': 'none', 'Technical Impact': 'total'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.
Title Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20
Weaknesses CWE-798
References
Metrics cvssV4_0

{'score': 6.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N'}

Subscriptions

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Weaknesses

Sources

Status
PUBLISHED
Assigner
CERT-In
Published
Updated
Aug 13, 2025, 1:09 PM
Reserved
Jul 22, 2025, 8:56 AM
Status
Deferred
Published
Aug 13, 2025, 12:15 PM
Modified
Jun 17, 2026, 9:40 AM