CVE-2025-43521

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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"product": "macOS", "vendor": "Apple", "versions": [{"lessThan": "15.7.3", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "custom"}, {"lessThan": "26.2", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "custom"}]}], "source": "product-security@apple.com"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E955E39D-E7C5-4951-BF50-08257F1BAC61", "versionEndExcluding": "15.7.3", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.3, macOS Tahoe 26.2. An app may be able to access sensitive user data."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Un problema de degradaci\u00f3n que afectaba a los ordenadores Mac basados en Intel se abord\u00f3 con restricciones adicionales de firma de c\u00f3digo. Este problema est\u00e1 solucionado en macOS Tahoe 26.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.3. Una aplicaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda acceder a datos sensibles del usuario."}], "id": "CVE-2025-43521", "lastModified": "2026-10-07T20:10:01.970", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-43521", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2025-12-15T17:03:22.530351Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-12-12T21:15:56.927", "references": [{"source": "product-security@apple.com", "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125886"}, {"source": "product-security@apple.com", "tags": ["Release Notes", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125887"}], "sourceIdentifier": "product-security@apple.com", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-347"}], "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{"analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-22T20:49:50.100147+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Apply the latest macOS update (Sequoia\u202f15.7.3 or Tahoe\u202f26.2).", "Verify that System Integrity Protection is enabled to enforce code\u2011signing checks.", "Avoid installing or running untrusted applications, especially older binaries that may bypass restrictions."], "summary": {"action": "Patch Now", "impact": "Sensitive Data Exposure"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "Affected systems are Apple macOS installations on Intel processors that have not been upgraded to at least Sequoia\u202f15.7.3 or Tahoe\u202f26.2. Any earlier release is vulnerable until the code\u2011signing validation is restored.", "description_and_impact": "The vulnerability stems from a downgrade flaw that allowed an application to bypass newly applied code\u2011signing checks on older Intel\u2011based Macs. It can lead to an attacker reading or modifying protected data, compromising confidentiality and integrity. The weakness aligns with CWE\u2011347, where operations are inadequately restricted within a protected resource.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score of 5.5 indicates moderate severity, and the EPSS score of less than 1% suggests a low likelihood of current exploitation. The vulnerability is not yet listed in CISA\u2019s KEV. The attack is likely to involve a malicious application that performs a downgrade or loads an unsigned binary, exploiting the missing restrictions and gaining access to sensitive user data."}}}}, "created": "2025-12-14T21:15:42.014485+00:00", "title": "Potential Sensitive Data Exposure via Downgrade on Intel\u2011based macOS", "updated": "2026-04-22T21:00:06.352426+00:00", "vendors": ["apple", "apple$PRODUCT$macos"]}