CVE-2025-40328

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A malicious, compromised, or MITM'd SMB server therefore triggers the vulnerable refcount transition over the network.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the timing and rate of lease breaks/reconnects and can replay them indefinitely against routine directory activity on the mount, so the narrow window between `refcount_dec_and_test()` and the lock acquisition can be hit reliably by repetition. Race conditions the attacker can retry at will are Low complexity.\nPR:N - A malicious or MITM SMB server needs no credentials or privileges on the victim host; lease-break notifications are unsolicited server-to-client messages processed by the demultiplex thread. In the local variant the trigger is plain rmdir/stat/readdir on an accessible mount, requiring at most an unprivileged account.\nUI:R - Exploitation requires the victim to have the attacker-controlled SMB share mounted and to be performing directory lookups on it so that `find_or_create_cached_dir()` runs concurrently with the release path. The server cannot force that local access itself.\nS:U - The use-after-free is on a kernel slab object (`struct cached_fid`) and the impact stays within the kernel's own security authority \u2014 no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - A freed `cached_fid` holding `dentry`, `tcon`, `cifs_fid` handles, a mutex and list/work heads can be reallocated and sprayed with attacker-chosen data; the racing thread then reads it and returns cached directory/file_all_info state, giving a path to disclosing kernel memory. Per guidance, use-after-free is scored High for confidentiality.\nI:H - The stale object is written through as well as read (`kref_get`, `last_access_time`, list manipulation, `dput(cfid->dentry)` on a reused pointer, and `SMB2_close()` on stale fid values), so heap grooming turns this into a write primitive over reallocated slab contents and potential control-flow hijack via the embedded `work_struct` function pointers.\nA:H - Losing the race produces a `refcount_t: addition on 0` warning followed by dereference and double-free of the `cached_fid` \u2014 including `dput()` on a freed dentry and slab corruption \u2014 reliably causing an oops or kernel panic."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/cached_dir.c"], "versions": [{"version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "bb3355ce9dcaba1b4a766f98b2ad373cab6cd626", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "cb52d9c86d70298de0ab7c7953653898cbc0efd6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "065bd62412271a2d734810dd50336cae88c54427", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "bdb596ceb4b7c3f28786a33840263728217fbcf5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "734e99623c5b65bf2c03e35978a0b980ebc3c2f8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/cached_dir.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.1", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.1", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.117", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.58", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.117"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb3355ce9dcaba1b4a766f98b2ad373cab6cd626"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb52d9c86d70298de0ab7c7953653898cbc0efd6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/065bd62412271a2d734810dd50336cae88c54427"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb596ceb4b7c3f28786a33840263728217fbcf5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/734e99623c5b65bf2c03e35978a0b980ebc3c2f8"}], "title": "smb: client: fix potential UAF in smb2_close_cached_fid()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-40328", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:59:26.611635Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:46.047Z"}}]}}

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A malicious, compromised, or MITM'd SMB server therefore triggers the vulnerable refcount transition over the network.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the timing and rate of lease breaks/reconnects and can replay them indefinitely against routine directory activity on the mount, so the narrow window between `refcount_dec_and_test()` and the lock acquisition can be hit reliably by repetition. Race conditions the attacker can retry at will are Low complexity.\nPR:N - A malicious or MITM SMB server needs no credentials or privileges on the victim host; lease-break notifications are unsolicited server-to-client messages processed by the demultiplex thread. In the local variant the trigger is plain rmdir/stat/readdir on an accessible mount, requiring at most an unprivileged account.\nUI:R - Exploitation requires the victim to have the attacker-controlled SMB share mounted and to be performing directory lookups on it so that `find_or_create_cached_dir()` runs concurrently with the release path. The server cannot force that local access itself.\nS:U - The use-after-free is on a kernel slab object (`struct cached_fid`) and the impact stays within the kernel's own security authority \u2014 no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - A freed `cached_fid` holding `dentry`, `tcon`, `cifs_fid` handles, a mutex and list/work heads can be reallocated and sprayed with attacker-chosen data; the racing thread then reads it and returns cached directory/file_all_info state, giving a path to disclosing kernel memory. Per guidance, use-after-free is scored High for confidentiality.\nI:H - The stale object is written through as well as read (`kref_get`, `last_access_time`, list manipulation, `dput(cfid->dentry)` on a reused pointer, and `SMB2_close()` on stale fid values), so heap grooming turns this into a write primitive over reallocated slab contents and potential control-flow hijack via the embedded `work_struct` function pointers.\nA:H - Losing the race produces a `refcount_t: addition on 0` warning followed by dereference and double-free of the `cached_fid` \u2014 including `dput()` on a freed dentry and slab corruption \u2014 reliably causing an oops or kernel panic."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "bb3355ce9dcaba1b4a766f98b2ad373cab6cd626", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "cb52d9c86d70298de0ab7c7953653898cbc0efd6", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "065bd62412271a2d734810dd50336cae88c54427", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "bdb596ceb4b7c3f28786a33840263728217fbcf5", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ebe98f1447bbccf8228335c62d86af02a0ed23f7", "lessThan": "734e99623c5b65bf2c03e35978a0b980ebc3c2f8", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/cached_dir.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.117", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.58", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.8", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/cached_dir.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb3355ce9dcaba1b4a766f98b2ad373cab6cd626"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb52d9c86d70298de0ab7c7953653898cbc0efd6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/065bd62412271a2d734810dd50336cae88c54427"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdb596ceb4b7c3f28786a33840263728217fbcf5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/734e99623c5b65bf2c03e35978a0b980ebc3c2f8"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmb: client: fix potential UAF in smb2_close_cached_fid()\n\nfind_or_create_cached_dir() could grab a new reference after kref_put()\nhad seen the refcount drop to zero but before cfid_list_lock is acquired\nin smb2_close_cached_fid(), leading to use-after-free.\n\nSwitch to kref_put_lock() so cfid_release() is called with\ncfid_list_lock held, closing that gap."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.117", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.58", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.8", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:23:02.073Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40328", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:23:02.073Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.186Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-12-09T04:09:44.876Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: smb: client: fix potential UAF in smb2_close_cached_fid()", "id": "2420415", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2420415"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "To mitigate this issue, prevent the cifs module from being loaded if SMB/CIFS filesystem access is not required. See https://access.redhat.com/solutions/41278 for instructions on how to blacklist a kernel module."}, "name": "CVE-2025-40328", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-12-09T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40328\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40328\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025120909-CVE-2025-40328-a95b@gregkh/T"], "statement": "This vulnerability requires local access and the ability to mount SMB/CIFS shares. The race condition window is narrow, making exploitation difficult but not impossible. Systems actively using SMB mounts are at higher risk.", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}