CVE-2025-40201

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If tsk != current and tsk is not a leader, this process can exit/exec\nand task_lock(tsk->group_leader) may use the already freed task_struct.\n\nAnother problem is that sys_prlimit64() can race with mt-exec which changes\n->group_leader. In this case do_prlimit() may take the wrong lock, or (worse)\n->group_leader may change between task_lock() and task_unlock().\n\nChange sys_prlimit64() to take tasklist_lock when necessary. This is not\nnice, but I don't see a better fix for -stable."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the `prlimit64()` syscall (and pid-targeted setrlimit paths) from a local process; no network or physical vector is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race using their own processes \u2014 one loop calling prlimit64() on a non-leader TID while a co-operating multithreaded process repeatedly performs mt-exec or group-exit-and-reap \u2014 and can retry indefinitely until the window is hit.\nPR:L - check_prlimit_permission() grants access on a plain uid/gid match, so any unprivileged local user can target a non-leader thread of a process they own; no CAP_SYS_RESOURCE or root is required, and it works unrestricted inside containers.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the victim threads, the exec/exit, and the racing syscall entirely on their own; no action by any other user is needed.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Use-after-free on a task_struct: update_rlimit_cpu() dereferences the freed leader's ->sighand/->signal, and an attacker who reallocates the slot via fork() spraying can leverage the dangling-pointer reads for kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF gives write primitives \u2014 spin_lock/spin_unlock words written into freed memory plus an attacker-supplied RLIMIT_CPU value written through a dangling sighand/signal pointer \u2014 sufficient to corrupt a reallocated live task_struct and pursue control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The mismatched task_lock()/task_unlock() across a de_thread() leaves a task's alloc_lock permanently held, deadlocking every subsequent task_lock() user (/proc readers, exec, fs_struct access), and the UAF itself readily oopses/panics the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "versions": [{"version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.18", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.18", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.157", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.113", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.54", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.4", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.157"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.113"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.54"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4"}], "title": "kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-40201", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:58:02.275858Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:40.564Z"}}]}}

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no CAP_SYS_RESOURCE or root is required, and it works unrestricted inside containers.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the victim threads, the exec/exit, and the racing syscall entirely on their own; no action by any other user is needed.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Use-after-free on a task_struct: update_rlimit_cpu() dereferences the freed leader's ->sighand/->signal, and an attacker who reallocates the slot via fork() spraying can leverage the dangling-pointer reads for kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF gives write primitives \u2014 spin_lock/spin_unlock words written into freed memory plus an attacker-supplied RLIMIT_CPU value written through a dangling sighand/signal pointer \u2014 sufficient to corrupt a reallocated live task_struct and pursue control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The mismatched task_lock()/task_unlock() across a de_thread() leaves a task's alloc_lock permanently held, deadlocking every subsequent task_lock() user (/proc readers, exec, fs_struct access), and the UAF itself readily oopses/panics the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "lessThan": "a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.18"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.18", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.157", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.113", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.54", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.4", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths\n\nThe usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64()->do_prlimit()\npath is very broken.\n\nsys_prlimit64() does get_task_struct(tsk) but this only protects task_struct\nitself. If tsk != current and tsk is not a leader, this process can exit/exec\nand task_lock(tsk->group_leader) may use the already freed task_struct.\n\nAnother problem is that sys_prlimit64() can race with mt-exec which changes\n->group_leader. In this case do_prlimit() may take the wrong lock, or (worse)\n->group_leader may change between task_lock() and task_unlock().\n\nChange sys_prlimit64() to take tasklist_lock when necessary. This is not\nnice, but I don't see a better fix for -stable."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.157", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.113", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.54", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.4", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "5.18"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:29.919Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40201", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:40.564Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.178Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T21:56:34.063Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18", "status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342", "status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75", "status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143", "status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4", "status": "affected", "version": "18c91bb2d87268d23868bf13508f5bc9cf04e89a", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["kernel/sys.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.18"}, {"lessThan": "5.18", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.157", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.113", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.54", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.4", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths\n\nThe usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64()->do_prlimit()\npath is very broken.\n\nsys_prlimit64() does get_task_struct(tsk) but this only protects task_struct\nitself. If tsk != current and tsk is not a leader, this process can exit/exec\nand task_lock(tsk->group_leader) may use the already freed task_struct.\n\nAnother problem is that sys_prlimit64() can race with mt-exec which changes\n->group_leader. In this case do_prlimit() may take the wrong lock, or (worse)\n->group_leader may change between task_lock() and task_unlock().\n\nChange sys_prlimit64() to take tasklist_lock when necessary. This is not\nnice, but I don't see a better fix for -stable."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nkernel/sys.c: corregir el uso propenso a condiciones de carrera de task_lock(tsk->group_leader) en las rutas de sys_prlimit64()\n\nEl uso de task_lock(tsk->group_leader) en la ruta sys_prlimit64()->do_prlimit() est\u00e1 muy defectuoso.\n\nsys_prlimit64() realiza get_task_struct(tsk) pero esto solo protege la propia task_struct. Si tsk != current y tsk no es un l\u00edder, este proceso puede salir/ejecutar y task_lock(tsk->group_leader) puede usar la task_struct ya liberada.\n\nOtro problema es que sys_prlimit64() puede entrar en condici\u00f3n de carrera con mt-exec, que cambia ->group_leader. En este caso, do_prlimit() puede tomar el bloqueo incorrecto, o (peor a\u00fan) ->group_leader puede cambiar entre task_lock() y task_unlock().\n\nModificar sys_prlimit64() para tomar tasklist_lock cuando sea necesario. Esto no es ideal, pero no veo una mejor soluci\u00f3n para -stable."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40201", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-40201", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:58:02.275858Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-11-12T22:15:47.283", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/132f827e7bac7373e1522e89709d70b43cae5342"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19b45c84bd9fd42fa97ff80c6350d604cb871c75"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bc0d9315ef5296abb2c9fd840336255850ded18"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6796412decd2d8de8ec708213bbc958fab72f143"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a15f37a40145c986cdf289a4b88390f35efdecc4"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: kernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths", "id": "2414726", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414726"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nkernel/sys.c: fix the racy usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64() paths\nThe usage of task_lock(tsk->group_leader) in sys_prlimit64()->do_prlimit()\npath is very broken.\nsys_prlimit64() does get_task_struct(tsk) but this only protects task_struct\nitself. If tsk != current and tsk is not a leader, this process can exit/exec\nand task_lock(tsk->group_leader) may use the already freed task_struct.\nAnother problem is that sys_prlimit64() can race with mt-exec which changes\n->group_leader. In this case do_prlimit() may take the wrong lock, or (worse)\n->group_leader may change between task_lock() and task_unlock().\nChange sys_prlimit64() to take tasklist_lock when necessary. This is not\nnice, but I don't see a better fix for -stable."], "name": "CVE-2025-40201", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40201\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40201\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111246-CVE-2025-40201-b8fe@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-11-13T09:52:12.248821+00:00", "updated": "2025-11-13T09:52:12.248855+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}