CVE-2025-40176

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If we fail to\nallocate that clone, proceeding with async decryption can lead to\nvarious issues (UAF on the skb, writing into userspace memory after\nthe recv() call has returned).\n\nIn this case, wait for all pending decryption requests."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The bug is in the kTLS software receive path (net/tls/tls_sw.c) processing TLS records supplied by the remote peer, with the record stream, sizes and record types fully controlled by that peer. Per kernel scoring guidance, kTLS bugs triggered by remote TLS peer data are Network.\nAC:L - Once the skb_clone()/alloc_skb() allocation fails, the outcome is deterministic, and a remote peer can drive the memory pressure that induces it by opening many connections and queueing large record backlogs (trivially so under memcg-constrained containers). The remaining conditions \u2014 TLS 1.2 plus an async-capable AEAD \u2014 are the default on affected stable kernels since x86 AES-NI GCM registers through the SIMD wrapper with CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC.\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote TLS peer of an already-established kTLS connection and needs no privileges or account on the target system. The vulnerable code runs as part of normal server-side record processing.\nUI:N - No victim action beyond the server's ordinary recv()/recvmsg() loop, which runs automatically as part of serving the connection. No configuration change, file open, or mount is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory and the receiving process's own address space within the same security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The live strparser anchor skb is queued on async_hold and later freed by __skb_queue_purge() while strp->anchor still references it, giving a use-after-free on an skbuff that an attacker can reclaim with sprayed network data; the in-flight AEAD also reads input skb memory whose references were dropped. Per guidance, use-after-free is High.\nI:H - The UAF/double-free on the anchor skb yields a heap write primitive after slab reclaim, and the crypto engine additionally writes attacker-chosen plaintext into the pinned user pages after recv() has already returned, corrupting whatever the application has since placed in that buffer. Per guidance, use-after-free is High.\nA:H - The freed anchor skb remains reachable from softirq context via tls_strp_data_ready and is freed a second time by tls_strp_anchor_free() on close, causing oops/panic or slab corruption. Any use-after-free or double-free is High availability impact."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "versions": [{"version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.0", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.0", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.158", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.55", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1"}], "title": "tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-40176", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:57:41.100381Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:39.716Z"}}]}}

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Per kernel scoring guidance, kTLS bugs triggered by remote TLS peer data are Network.\nAC:L - Once the skb_clone()/alloc_skb() allocation fails, the outcome is deterministic, and a remote peer can drive the memory pressure that induces it by opening many connections and queueing large record backlogs (trivially so under memcg-constrained containers). The remaining conditions \u2014 TLS 1.2 plus an async-capable AEAD \u2014 are the default on affected stable kernels since x86 AES-NI GCM registers through the SIMD wrapper with CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC.\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote TLS peer of an already-established kTLS connection and needs no privileges or account on the target system. The vulnerable code runs as part of normal server-side record processing.\nUI:N - No victim action beyond the server's ordinary recv()/recvmsg() loop, which runs automatically as part of serving the connection. No configuration change, file open, or mount is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory and the receiving process's own address space within the same security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The live strparser anchor skb is queued on async_hold and later freed by __skb_queue_purge() while strp->anchor still references it, giving a use-after-free on an skbuff that an attacker can reclaim with sprayed network data; the in-flight AEAD also reads input skb memory whose references were dropped. Per guidance, use-after-free is High.\nI:H - The UAF/double-free on the anchor skb yields a heap write primitive after slab reclaim, and the crypto engine additionally writes attacker-chosen plaintext into the pinned user pages after recv() has already returned, corrupting whatever the application has since placed in that buffer. Per guidance, use-after-free is High.\nA:H - The freed anchor skb remains reachable from softirq context via tls_strp_data_ready and is freed a second time by tls_strp_anchor_free() on close, causing oops/panic or slab corruption. Any use-after-free or double-free is High availability impact."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "lessThan": "b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.158", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.114", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.55", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.5", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails\n\nAsync decryption calls tls_strp_msg_hold to create a clone of the\ninput skb to hold references to the memory it uses. If we fail to\nallocate that clone, proceeding with async decryption can lead to\nvarious issues (UAF on the skb, writing into userspace memory after\nthe recv() call has returned).\n\nIn this case, wait for all pending decryption requests."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:21.202Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40176", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:39.716Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.177Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:53:50.443Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685", "status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a", "status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160", "status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0", "status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1", "status": "affected", "version": "84c61fe1a75b4255df1e1e7c054c9e6d048da417", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/tls/tls_sw.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.0"}, {"lessThan": "6.0", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.158", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.55", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails\n\nAsync decryption calls tls_strp_msg_hold to create a clone of the\ninput skb to hold references to the memory it uses. If we fail to\nallocate that clone, proceeding with async decryption can lead to\nvarious issues (UAF on the skb, writing into userspace memory after\nthe recv() call has returned).\n\nIn this case, wait for all pending decryption requests."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\ntls: esperar a los descifrados as\u00edncronos pendientes si tls_strp_msg_hold falla\n\nEl descifrado as\u00edncrono llama a tls_strp_msg_hold para crear un clon del skb de entrada para mantener referencias a la memoria que utiliza. Si no logramos asignar ese clon, proceder con el descifrado as\u00edncrono puede llevar a varios problemas (UAF en el skb, escritura en memoria de espacio de usuario despu\u00e9s de que la llamada a recv() haya regresado).\n\nEn este caso, esperar a todas las solicitudes de descifrado pendientes."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40176", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-40176", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:57:41.100381Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-11-12T11:15:48.140", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39dec4ea3daf77f684308576baf483b55ca7f160"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4fc109d0ab196bd943b7451276690fb6bb48c2e0"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f83fd0c179e0f458e824e417f9d5ad53443f685"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8a6ff84abbcbbc445463de58704686011edc8e1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c61d4368197d65c4809d9271f3b85325a600586a"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: tls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails", "id": "2414524", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414524"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\ntls: wait for pending async decryptions if tls_strp_msg_hold fails\nAsync decryption calls tls_strp_msg_hold to create a clone of the\ninput skb to hold references to the memory it uses. If we fail to\nallocate that clone, proceeding with async decryption can lead to\nvarious issues (UAF on the skb, writing into userspace memory after\nthe recv() call has returned).\nIn this case, wait for all pending decryption requests."], "name": "CVE-2025-40176", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40176\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40176\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111255-CVE-2025-40176-f2e3@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"created": "2025-11-12T22:12:20.274956+00:00", "updated": "2025-11-12T22:12:20.274984+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}