CVE-2025-40099

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A malicious, compromised, or MITM'd server reaches this code purely over the network.\nAC:L - The server sends one well-formed V3 referral (so the in-bounds VersionNumber check passes) together with NumberOfReferrals=0xFFFF, and the loop deterministically walks ~2.2 MB past the allocation. No race, no heap grooming, no memory-layout dependency.\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote SMB peer and needs no credentials or account on the victim client; the client initiates the connection and parses the reply. A network MITM on an unsigned/unencrypted SMB session can inject the malformed referral response with no privileges at all.\nUI:N - On an existing DFS mount the `dfs_cache_refresh` delayed work re-issues referral requests on a timer and re-queues itself indefinitely, so a compromised or MITM'd server triggers the parse with zero user action; reconnect/failover paths do the same.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access is confined to the kernel's own heap within the same security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Unbounded out-of-bounds read of up to ~2.2 MB of adjacent kernel heap, far beyond a \"few bytes\"; the harvested ServerType/ReferralEntryFlags/TimeToLive values are stored into DFS cache entries and exposed to any local user through world-readable (0644) /proc/fs/cifs/dfscache.\nI:L - There is no out-of-bounds write, but uncontrolled out-of-bounds heap contents are written into `dfs_info3_param` fields and propagated into the client's cached DFS referral state (ttl, srvtype, ref_flags), a limited corruption of kernel-side data that the fix explicitly prevents.\nA:H - The linear ~2.2 MB walk past a small kmalloc object can strike an unmapped page and oops the kernel \u2014 reliably so on small-memory embedded/IoT clients, hardened allocators, and KASAN builds \u2014 and each malicious reply additionally forces a ~3 MB kcalloc, repeatable on every automatic refresh."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.11", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.11", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.158", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.55", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9"}], "title": "cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-40099", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:50.620033Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:37.745Z"}}]}}

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A malicious, compromised, or MITM'd server reaches this code purely over the network.\nAC:L - The server sends one well-formed V3 referral (so the in-bounds VersionNumber check passes) together with NumberOfReferrals=0xFFFF, and the loop deterministically walks ~2.2 MB past the allocation. No race, no heap grooming, no memory-layout dependency.\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote SMB peer and needs no credentials or account on the victim client; the client initiates the connection and parses the reply. A network MITM on an unsigned/unencrypted SMB session can inject the malformed referral response with no privileges at all.\nUI:N - On an existing DFS mount the `dfs_cache_refresh` delayed work re-issues referral requests on a timer and re-queues itself indefinitely, so a compromised or MITM'd server triggers the parse with zero user action; reconnect/failover paths do the same.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access is confined to the kernel's own heap within the same security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Unbounded out-of-bounds read of up to ~2.2 MB of adjacent kernel heap, far beyond a \"few bytes\"; the harvested ServerType/ReferralEntryFlags/TimeToLive values are stored into DFS cache entries and exposed to any local user through world-readable (0644) /proc/fs/cifs/dfscache.\nI:L - There is no out-of-bounds write, but uncontrolled out-of-bounds heap contents are written into `dfs_info3_param` fields and propagated into the client's cached DFS referral state (ttl, srvtype, ref_flags), a limited corruption of kernel-side data that the fix explicitly prevents.\nA:H - The linear ~2.2 MB walk past a small kmalloc object can strike an unmapped page and oops the kernel \u2014 reliably so on small-memory embedded/IoT clients, hardened allocators, and KASAN builds \u2014 and each malicious reply additionally forces a ~3 MB kcalloc, repeatable on every automatic refresh."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "lessThan": "6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.11"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.11", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.158", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.114", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.55", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.5", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input\n\nMalicious SMB server can send invalid reply to FSCTL_DFS_GET_REFERRALS\n\n- reply smaller than sizeof(struct get_dfs_referral_rsp)\n- reply with number of referrals smaller than NumberOfReferrals in the\nheader\n\nProcessing of such replies will cause oob.\n\nReturn -EINVAL error on such replies to prevent oob-s."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.18", "versionStartIncluding": "4.11"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:48.660Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40099", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:37.745Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.164Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:05.859Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657", "status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332", "status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058", "status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039", "status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9", "status": "affected", "version": "4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["fs/smb/client/misc.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.11"}, {"lessThan": "4.11", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.158", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.114", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.55", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input\n\nMalicious SMB server can send invalid reply to FSCTL_DFS_GET_REFERRALS\n\n- reply smaller than sizeof(struct get_dfs_referral_rsp)\n- reply with number of referrals smaller than NumberOfReferrals in the\nheader\n\nProcessing of such replies will cause oob.\n\nReturn -EINVAL error on such replies to prevent oob-s."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\ncifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevenir oob en entrada malformada\n\nServidor SMB malicioso puede enviar respuesta inv\u00e1lida a FSCTL_DFS_GET_REFERRALS\n\n- respuesta m\u00e1s peque\u00f1a que sizeof(struct get_dfs_referral_rsp)\n- respuesta con n\u00famero de referencias m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o que NumberOfReferrals en la\ncabecera\n\nEl procesamiento de tales respuestas causar\u00e1 oob.\n\nDevolver error -EINVAL en tales respuestas para prevenir oob-s."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40099", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.4, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.5, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-40099", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:56:50.620033Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-10-30T10:15:34.337", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input", "id": "2407341", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2407341"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-40099", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-10-30T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40099\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40099\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025103017-CVE-2025-40099-fdf0@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"created": "2025-10-30T14:37:13.609902+00:00", "updated": "2025-10-30T14:37:13.609927+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}