CVE-2025-39990

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Marking tail_call helper func with BPF_PTR_POISON,\nbecause it is unused by design.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507160818.68358831-lkp@intel.com"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through the local `bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD)` syscall, which is used to submit the crafted program to the verifier. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into `get_helper_proto()`.\nAC:L - On an affected build the attacker deterministically triggers the bug every time by loading a program that calls a helper whose weak proto is zeroed \u2014 no race, no memory-layout dependency, no unpredictable state. Both the `verifier_bug()` WARN path and the `bpf_get_branch_snapshot` inline path are fully under the attacker's control via the program bytecode.\nPR:L - Program load plus `CAP_PERFMON`/`CAP_BPF` is required, but `CAP_PERFMON` is a narrow, non-root capability commonly granted to unprivileged profiling and BPF observability daemons, and `bpf_token_capable()` explicitly makes it delegable to unprivileged users inside user namespaces via bpffs BPF tokens. This is an ordinary low-privileged account boundary, not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads and exercises the BPF program entirely on their own; no other user or administrator has to perform any action.\nS:U - The corruption and the crash both occur inside the kernel that is already the security authority for the calling process \u2014 a conventional local kernel privilege-escalation/DoS, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - With all `arg_type[]` zeroed to `ARG_DONTCARE` the verifier validates nothing, and the inlined `bpf_get_branch_snapshot` copies LBR records (kernel from/to instruction pointers) to an attacker-chosen destination that can be a readable BPF map value, disclosing kernel text addresses and defeating KASLR; the same unvalidated-pointer primitive generalizes to broader kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `__intel_pmu_snapshot_branch_stack()` performs `memcpy(entries, cpuc->lbr_entries, 24 * cnt)` with `entries` an entirely unvalidated attacker-supplied scalar, giving an arbitrary kernel-memory write of up to several hundred bytes \u2014 a direct privilege-escalation primitive.\nA:H - The common path hits `verifier_bug()` \u2192 `BPF_WARN_ONCE`, which taints the kernel and panics outright on the many hardened/production and Android kernels that set `panic_on_warn=1`; the arbitrary-write path trivially oopses the kernel by targeting unmapped or critical memory."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.8", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.8", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.50", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64"}], "title": "bpf: Check the helper function is valid in get_helper_proto", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-39990", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:55.410522Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:35.724Z"}}]}}

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There is no remote or adjacent-network path into `get_helper_proto()`.\nAC:L - On an affected build the attacker deterministically triggers the bug every time by loading a program that calls a helper whose weak proto is zeroed \u2014 no race, no memory-layout dependency, no unpredictable state. Both the `verifier_bug()` WARN path and the `bpf_get_branch_snapshot` inline path are fully under the attacker's control via the program bytecode.\nPR:L - Program load plus `CAP_PERFMON`/`CAP_BPF` is required, but `CAP_PERFMON` is a narrow, non-root capability commonly granted to unprivileged profiling and BPF observability daemons, and `bpf_token_capable()` explicitly makes it delegable to unprivileged users inside user namespaces via bpffs BPF tokens. This is an ordinary low-privileged account boundary, not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - The attacker loads and exercises the BPF program entirely on their own; no other user or administrator has to perform any action.\nS:U - The corruption and the crash both occur inside the kernel that is already the security authority for the calling process \u2014 a conventional local kernel privilege-escalation/DoS, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - With all `arg_type[]` zeroed to `ARG_DONTCARE` the verifier validates nothing, and the inlined `bpf_get_branch_snapshot` copies LBR records (kernel from/to instruction pointers) to an attacker-chosen destination that can be a readable BPF map value, disclosing kernel text addresses and defeating KASLR; the same unvalidated-pointer primitive generalizes to broader kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `__intel_pmu_snapshot_branch_stack()` performs `memcpy(entries, cpuc->lbr_entries, 24 * cnt)` with `entries` an entirely unvalidated attacker-supplied scalar, giving an arbitrary kernel-memory write of up to several hundred bytes \u2014 a direct privilege-escalation primitive.\nA:H - The common path hits `verifier_bug()` \u2192 `BPF_WARN_ONCE`, which taints the kernel and panics outright on the many hardened/production and Android kernels that set `panic_on_warn=1`; the arbitrary-write path trivially oopses the kernel by targeting unmapped or critical memory."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "lessThan": "e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.8"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.8", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.50", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16.10", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Check the helper function is valid in get_helper_proto\n\nkernel test robot reported verifier bug [1] where the helper func\npointer could be NULL due to disabled config option.\n\nAs Alexei suggested we could check on that in get_helper_proto\ndirectly. Marking tail_call helper func with BPF_PTR_POISON,\nbecause it is unused by design.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507160818.68358831-lkp@intel.com"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.50", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.10", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17", "versionStartIncluding": "5.8"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:37:41.130Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-39990", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:37:41.130Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.150Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-10-15T07:56:07.295Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74", "status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93", "status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a", "status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64", "status": "affected", "version": "f470378c7562a2818b45ed11c98973f2b89eedd3", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/core.c", "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.8"}, {"lessThan": "5.8", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.50", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16.10", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Check the helper function is valid in get_helper_proto\n\nkernel test robot reported verifier bug [1] where the helper func\npointer could be NULL due to disabled config option.\n\nAs Alexei suggested we could check on that in get_helper_proto\ndirectly. Marking tail_call helper func with BPF_PTR_POISON,\nbecause it is unused by design.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507160818.68358831-lkp@intel.com"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nbpf: Verificar que la funci\u00f3n auxiliar sea v\u00e1lida en get_helper_proto\n\nEl robot de prueba del kernel inform\u00f3 un error del verificador [1] donde el puntero de la funci\u00f3n auxiliar podr\u00eda ser NULL debido a una opci\u00f3n de configuraci\u00f3n deshabilitada.\n\nComo sugiri\u00f3 Alexei, podr\u00edamos verificar eso directamente en get_helper_proto. Marcando la funci\u00f3n auxiliar tail_call con BPF_PTR_POISON, porque no se utiliza por dise\u00f1o.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507160818.68358831-lkp@intel.com"}], "id": "CVE-2025-39990", "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:18:18.020", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-39990", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:55:55.410522Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-10-15T08:15:37.060", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d429cb1278e995e22995ef117fa96d223a67e93"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6233715b4b714068d6c831d214a4e8792109875a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dfbff47f120e4b0793ca0e0b8660361ccac25a74"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4414b01c1cd9887bbde92f946c1ba94e40d6d64"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: bpf: Check the helper function is valid in get_helper_proto", "id": "2404114", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404114"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nbpf: Check the helper function is valid in get_helper_proto\nkernel test robot reported verifier bug [1] where the helper func\npointer could be NULL due to disabled config option.\nAs Alexei suggested we could check on that in get_helper_proto\ndirectly. Marking tail_call helper func with BPF_PTR_POISON,\nbecause it is unused by design.\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202507160818.68358831-lkp@intel.com"], "name": "CVE-2025-39990", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-10-15T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39990\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39990\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025101502-CVE-2025-39990-25bc@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"created": "2025-10-20T13:27:01.465918+00:00", "updated": "2025-10-20T13:27:01.465945+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}