CVE-2025-39826

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This can lead to race conditions where a rose_neigh\nstructure is freed while still being referenced by other code paths.\n\nFor example, when rose_neigh->use becomes zero during an ioctl operation\nvia rose_rt_ioctl(), the structure may be removed while its timer is\nstill active, potentially causing use-after-free issues.\n\nThis patch changes the type of 'use' from unsigned short to refcount_t and\nupdates all code paths to use rose_neigh_hold() and rose_neigh_put() which\noperate reference counts atomically."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:A - The `use` counter is manipulated from `rose_route_frame()` and `rose_rx_call_request()`, which process ROSE frames received from unauthenticated AX.25 peers on the same radio link or LAN segment (AX.25 also rides Ethernet via ETH_P_BPQ/bpqether). This is link-layer, not internet-routable, so Adjacent rather than Network.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by flooding CALL_REQUEST/CLEAR_REQUEST frames that concurrently drive locked increments in softirq and unlocked decrements in `rose_timer_expiry()`/`rose_kill_by_neigh()`, and the `rose_get_neigh()` window in `rose_connect()` is wide (includes a GFP_KERNEL allocation). Per guidance, races the attacker creates and UAFs are Low.\nPR:N - ROSE/AX.25 provides no authentication, so a peer injecting frames on the segment needs no credentials to reach `rose_route_frame()`/`rose_rx_call_request()` and drive the non-atomic counter. The CAP_NET_ADMIN route ioctls are the admin/victim side of the race, not a privilege the attacker must hold.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only received frames and ordinary ROSE connection churn on a system with ROSE routing configured; no action by any local user is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the same security authority; there is no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reclaim the freed `rose_neigh` with controlled data and have the kernel read it back through socket, route, timer and skb-queue references, enabling kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Stale `rose->neighbour`, `rose_route->neigh1/neigh2` and `rose_neigh_put()` on the freed object give arbitrary write and double-free primitives, and the embedded `timer_list` function pointers make control-flow hijack plausible.\nA:H - The freed `rose_neigh` still has armed `ftimer`/`t0timer` and live pointers from sockets and routes, so the UAF reliably produces kernel oops/panic and can be re-triggered at will."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["include/net/rose.h", "net/rose/af_rose.c", "net/rose/rose_in.c", "net/rose/rose_route.c", "net/rose/rose_timer.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "fb07156cc0742ba4e93dfcc84280c011d05b301f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "f8c29fc437d03a98fb075c31c5be761cc8326284", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "0085b250fcc79f900c82a69980ec2f3e1871823b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "203e4f42596ede31498744018716a3db6dbb7f51", "status": "affected", 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"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb07156cc0742ba4e93dfcc84280c011d05b301f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8c29fc437d03a98fb075c31c5be761cc8326284"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0085b250fcc79f900c82a69980ec2f3e1871823b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/203e4f42596ede31498744018716a3db6dbb7f51"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d860d1faa6b2ce3becfdb8b0c2b048ad31800061"}], "title": "net: rose: convert 'use' field to refcount_t", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:43:47.184Z"}}, {"x_adpType": "supplier", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "shortName": "siemens-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T12:37:05.652Z"}, "affected": [{"vendor": "Siemens", 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[{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: rose: convert 'use' field to refcount_t\n\nThe 'use' field in struct rose_neigh is used as a reference counter but\nlacks atomicity. This can lead to race conditions where a rose_neigh\nstructure is freed while still being referenced by other code paths.\n\nFor example, when rose_neigh->use becomes zero during an ioctl operation\nvia rose_rt_ioctl(), the structure may be removed while its timer is\nstill active, potentially causing use-after-free issues.\n\nThis patch changes the type of 'use' from unsigned short to refcount_t and\nupdates all code paths to use rose_neigh_hold() and rose_neigh_put() which\noperate reference counts atomically."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet: rose: convertir el campo 'use' a refcount_t\n\nEl campo 'use' en la estructura rose_neigh se utiliza como un contador de referencias pero carece de atomicidad. Esto puede llevar a condiciones de carrera donde una estructura rose_neigh es liberada mientras a\u00fan est\u00e1 siendo referenciada por otras rutas de c\u00f3digo.\n\nPor ejemplo, cuando rose_neigh->use llega a cero durante una operaci\u00f3n ioctl a trav\u00e9s de rose_rt_ioctl(), la estructura puede ser eliminada mientras su temporizador a\u00fan est\u00e1 activo, potencialmente causando problemas de uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n.\n\nEste parche cambia el tipo de 'use' de unsigned short a refcount_t y actualiza todas las rutas de c\u00f3digo para usar rose_neigh_hold() y rose_neigh_put() que operan los contadores de referencias de forma at\u00f3mica."}], "id": "CVE-2025-39826", "lastModified": "2026-11-10T13:17:51.350", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2025-09-16T13:16:02.290", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0085b250fcc79f900c82a69980ec2f3e1871823b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/203e4f42596ede31498744018716a3db6dbb7f51"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d860d1faa6b2ce3becfdb8b0c2b048ad31800061"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8c29fc437d03a98fb075c31c5be761cc8326284"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb07156cc0742ba4e93dfcc84280c011d05b301f"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: rose: convert 'use' field to refcount_t", "id": "2395799", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2395799"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-39826", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-09-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39826\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39826\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025091616-CVE-2025-39826-e096@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-09-17T10:04:11.708707+00:00", "updated": "2025-09-17T10:04:11.708744+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}