CVE-2025-39764

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"version": "6.1.167", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.130", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.78", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16.2", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}, {"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.6", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.5", "versionType": "custom"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "unknown", "product": "SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)", "vendor": "Siemens", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "affected", "version": "V3.1.7", "versionType": "custom"}]}], "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "539DEE7A-4190-47F7-8E21-C0EBCD6CDAFD", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.2", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.23", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: remove refcounting in expectation dumpers\n\nSame pattern as previous patch: do not keep the expectation object\nalive via refcount, only store a cookie value and then use that\nas the skip hint for dump resumption.\n\nAFAICS this has the same issue as the one resolved in the conntrack\ndumper, when we do\n if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&exp->use))\n\nto increment the refcount, there is a chance that exp == last, which\ncauses a double-increment of the refcount and subsequent memory leak."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: eliminar el conteo de referencias en los volcadores de expectativas\n\nMismo patr\u00f3n que el parche anterior: no mantener el objeto de expectativa vivo mediante el conteo de referencias, solo almacenar un valor de cookie y luego usar eso como la pista de omisi\u00f3n para la reanudaci\u00f3n del volcado.\n\nPor lo que puedo ver, esto tiene el mismo problema que el resuelto en el volcador de conntrack, cuando hacemos\nif (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&exp->use))\n\npara incrementar el conteo de referencias, existe la posibilidad de que exp == last, lo que causa un doble incremento del conteo de referencias y una fuga de memoria posterior."}], "id": "CVE-2025-39764", "lastModified": "2026-11-10T13:17:50.203", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-39764", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-11-05T21:11:08.345844Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-09-11T17:15:40.653", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/078d33c95bf534d37aa04269d1ae6158e20082d5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1492e3dcb2be3aa46d1963da96aa9593e4e4db5a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64b7684042246e3238464c66894e30ba30c7e851"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9e5021a906532ca16e2aac69c0607711e1c70b1f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4d634ded4d3d400f115d84f654f316f249531c9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b05500444b8eb97644efdd180839a04a706be97c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bada48ad5b0590e318d0f79636ff62a2ef9f4955"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: netfilter: ctnetlink: remove refcounting in expectation dumpers", "id": "2394639", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394639"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-39764", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-09-11T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39764\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39764\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025091147-CVE-2025-39764-b300@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-20T15:30:16.013264+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Update the Linux kernel to a version that includes the refcounting fix for ctnetlink expectation dumpers, as referenced by the commit linked in the advisory.", "If an immediate kernel upgrade is not possible, disable the ctnetlink expectation dump functionality, for example by restricting access to the related control interface or removing the feature via sysctl if available.", "After applying a fix or disabling the feature, monitor kernel memory usage for abnormal growth and ensure that the system remains stable."], "summary": {"action": "Apply patch", "impact": "Memory leak due to improper reference counting in netfilter expectation dumpers"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "All Linux kernel distributions may be affected because the CPEs cover the generic kernel and the 6.17 release candidate. The flaw exists in the kernel's netfilter implementation, so any system running a vulnerable kernel version prior to the patch is susceptible. Native distributions should check the vendor\u2019s kernel update page for the specific commit or kernel release that contains the fix.", "description_and_impact": "The vulnerability stems from improper reference counting in the netfilter ctnetlink expectation dumper. The kernel code no longer protects the expectation object with a stable reference count, instead using a cookie value. When the reference count is incremented, there is a race where the same expectation may be incremented twice, leading to a double\u2011increment that eventually results in a memory leak. This leak can consume kernel memory over time, potentially exhausting resources and degrading system stability.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score of 5.5 indicates moderate severity. The EPSS score of less than 1% suggests a low probability of exploitation in the wild, and the flaw is not listed in CISA\u2019s KEV catalog. The likely attack vector is local privileged or kernel-level code that triggers expectation dumps; it does not appear to be exploitable remotely without additional privileges. Therefore, the risk is moderate, but the probability of exploitation remains low unless a privileged user or another root exploit is present."}}}}, "created": "2025-09-12T08:02:36.563104+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-20T15:45:10.385251+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-366", "CWE-415"]}