CVE-2025-39732

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Consequently below warning is seen:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n __might_resched.cold\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\n\nChange to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.\n\nTested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable driver op is only reachable through local configuration interfaces \u2014 the nl80211 netlink command NL80211_CMD_SET_TX_BITRATE_MASK or the legacy WEXT SIOCSIWRATE ioctl on the wireless netdev. No received 802.11 frame or remote peer action can invoke ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask(), so the attack surface is local syscall/netlink only.\nAC:L - The atomic-context violation is unconditional: every invocation of the affected branches runs a might_sleep()/wait_event_timeout() callback inside rcu_read_lock(), and the attacker fully controls the bitrate mask that selects those branches. Extending it to an actual block (and thus a grace-period-completing context switch) only requires having peers associated and saturating WMI credits, both of which the attacker can arrange.\nPR:L - Both entry points gate on CAP_NET_ADMIN (GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM for nl80211, capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN) for WEXT), which is a namespace-aware network-administration capability rather than real root, and is routinely delegated to unprivileged-facing daemons (wpa_supplicant, NetworkManager helpers, hostapd) on phones, APs and embedded gateways.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the bitrate-mask configuration itself; no second user has to open a file, mount media, or take any action for the bug to fire.\nS:U - The fault, the corrupted RCU-protected station list, and the resulting crash all stay within the same kernel security authority on the host; no VM, IOMMU, container, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Blocking for up to WMI_SEND_TIMEOUT_HZ inside the rcu_read_lock() of __iterate_stations() lets the grace period complete on non-preemptible-RCU builds, so a concurrently destroyed sta_info can be freed and reallocated while the iterator is parked on it; the resumed list_for_each_entry_rcu() then reads freed/attacker-groomed heap through sta->addr and the list pointers, leaking that content into the WMI peer command and the ath11k_warn(\"...for STA %pM\") log line.\nI:H - The same use-after-free lets the traversal follow a dangling next pointer into reclaimed, attacker-sprayable memory and feed the resulting garbage into firmware peer-parameter commands, and __schedule_bug() additionally resets the preempt count, leaving the scheduler's atomic-nesting state inconsistent for the remainder of the task.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a \"BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context\" splat plus a scheduling-while-atomic BUG with full call trace, which escalates to a full panic on panic_on_warn/panic_on_oops kernels common in embedded and cloud images, and the RCU-list use-after-free can oops the kernel outright."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c"], "versions": [{"version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "1f45a710c82b29d4c501b1cb472dff68d59ecc8c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.6", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.6", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.160", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.42", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.42"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.10"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.1"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f45a710c82b29d4c501b1cb472dff68d59ecc8c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129"}], "title": "wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-39732", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:53:50.418566Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:31.225Z"}}]}}

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No received 802.11 frame or remote peer action can invoke ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask(), so the attack surface is local syscall/netlink only.\nAC:L - The atomic-context violation is unconditional: every invocation of the affected branches runs a might_sleep()/wait_event_timeout() callback inside rcu_read_lock(), and the attacker fully controls the bitrate mask that selects those branches. Extending it to an actual block (and thus a grace-period-completing context switch) only requires having peers associated and saturating WMI credits, both of which the attacker can arrange.\nPR:L - Both entry points gate on CAP_NET_ADMIN (GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM for nl80211, capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN) for WEXT), which is a namespace-aware network-administration capability rather than real root, and is routinely delegated to unprivileged-facing daemons (wpa_supplicant, NetworkManager helpers, hostapd) on phones, APs and embedded gateways.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the bitrate-mask configuration itself; no second user has to open a file, mount media, or take any action for the bug to fire.\nS:U - The fault, the corrupted RCU-protected station list, and the resulting crash all stay within the same kernel security authority on the host; no VM, IOMMU, container, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Blocking for up to WMI_SEND_TIMEOUT_HZ inside the rcu_read_lock() of __iterate_stations() lets the grace period complete on non-preemptible-RCU builds, so a concurrently destroyed sta_info can be freed and reallocated while the iterator is parked on it; the resumed list_for_each_entry_rcu() then reads freed/attacker-groomed heap through sta->addr and the list pointers, leaking that content into the WMI peer command and the ath11k_warn(\"...for STA %pM\") log line.\nI:H - The same use-after-free lets the traversal follow a dangling next pointer into reclaimed, attacker-sprayable memory and feed the resulting garbage into firmware peer-parameter commands, and __schedule_bug() additionally resets the preempt count, leaving the scheduler's atomic-nesting state inconsistent for the remainder of the task.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a \"BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context\" splat plus a scheduling-while-atomic BUG with full call trace, which escalates to a full panic on panic_on_warn/panic_on_oops kernels common in embedded and cloud images, and the RCU-list use-after-free can oops the kernel outright."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "1f45a710c82b29d4c501b1cb472dff68d59ecc8c", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d", "lessThan": "65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.6"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.160", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.42", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.10", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16.1", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.17", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f45a710c82b29d4c501b1cb472dff68d59ecc8c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()\n\nath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() is passed as the iterator to\nieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic(). Note in this case the iterator is\nrequired to be atomic, however ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() does\nnot follow it as it might sleep. Consequently below warning is seen:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n __might_resched.cold\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\n\nChange to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.\n\nTested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.160", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.42", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.10", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.1", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.17", "versionStartIncluding": "5.6"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:37:18.108Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-39732", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-21T12:37:18.108Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.118Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-09-07T15:16:20.684Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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Note in this case the iterator is\nrequired to be atomic, however ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() does\nnot follow it as it might sleep. Consequently below warning is seen:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304\nCall Trace:\n <TASK>\n dump_stack_lvl\n __might_resched.cold\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\n\nChange to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.\n\nTested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nwifi: ath11k: corregir sleeping-in-atomic en ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()\n\nath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() se pasa como el iterador a ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic(). Tenga en cuenta que en este caso se requiere que el iterador sea at\u00f3mico, sin embargo, ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() no lo sigue ya que podr\u00eda dormir. Consecuentemente, se observa la siguiente advertencia:\n\nERROR: funci\u00f3n en suspensi\u00f3n llamada desde un contexto inv\u00e1lido en wmi.c:304\nTraza de Llamada:\n <TAREA>\n dump_stack_lvl\n __might_resched.cold\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\n\nCambiar a ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() para solucionar este problema.\n\nProbado en: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30"}], "id": "CVE-2025-39732", "lastModified": "2026-10-21T13:18:13.600", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-39732", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:53:50.418566Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-09-07T16:15:48.770", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f45a710c82b29d4c501b1cb472dff68d59ecc8c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()", "id": "2393737", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2393737"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-39732", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-09-07T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39732\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39732\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025090730-CVE-2025-39732-4c7f@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-09-08T15:17:33.073801+00:00", "updated": "2025-09-08T15:17:33.073851+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}