CVE-2025-39725

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-39725", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.117Z", "datePublished": "2025-09-05T17:27:18.719Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:00:35.031Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T16:00:35.031Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list\n\nIn shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large folio, which\ncan't be handled by unmap_poisoned_folio(). For THP, try_to_unmap_one()\nmust be passed with TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD to split huge PMD first and then\nretry. Without TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger null-ptr deref of\npvmw.pte. Even we passed TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger a\nWARN_ON_ONCE due to the page isn't in swapcache.\n\nSince UCE is rare in real world, and race with reclaimation is more rare,\njust skipping the hwpoisoned large folio is enough. memory_failure() will\nhandle it if the UCE is triggered again.\n\nThis happens when memory reclaim for large folio races with\nmemory_failure(), and will lead to kernel panic. The race is as\nfollows:\n\ncpu0 cpu1\n shrink_folio_list memory_failure\n TestSetPageHWPoison\n unmap_poisoned_folio\n --> trigger BUG_ON due to\n unmap_poisoned_folio couldn't\n handle large folio\n\n[tujinjiang@huawei.com: add comment to unmap_poisoned_folio()]"}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["mm/memory-failure.c", "mm/vmscan.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1c9798bf8145a92abf45aa9d38a6406d9eb8bdf0", "lessThan": "656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1b0449544c6482179ac84530b61fc192a6527bfd", "lessThan": "c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1b0449544c6482179ac84530b61fc192a6527bfd", "lessThan": "9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "912e9f0300c3564b72a8808db406e313193a37ad", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6.12.26", "lessThan": "6.12.41", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.14.5", "lessThan": "6.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["mm/memory-failure.c", "mm/vmscan.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.15", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.15", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.41", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.9", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.26", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.41"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.9"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.15", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.14.5"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab"}], "title": "mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["mm/memory-failure.c", "mm/vmscan.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312", "status": "affected", "version": "1c9798bf8145a92abf45aa9d38a6406d9eb8bdf0", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae", "status": "affected", "version": "1b0449544c6482179ac84530b61fc192a6527bfd", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab", "status": "affected", "version": "1b0449544c6482179ac84530b61fc192a6527bfd", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "912e9f0300c3564b72a8808db406e313193a37ad", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6.12.41", "status": "affected", "version": "6.12.26", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.15", "status": "affected", "version": "6.14.5", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["mm/memory-failure.c", "mm/vmscan.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.15"}, {"lessThan": "6.15", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.41", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.9", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "19B129C6-1ABE-4712-8AB0-009FB92F8F2B", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.41", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.26", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E63E673B-291A-456D-A515-12B29693073E", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.9", "versionStartIncluding": "6.14.5", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "6D4894DB-CCFE-4602-B1BF-3960B2E19A01", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "09709862-E348-4378-8632-5A7813EDDC86", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "415BF58A-8197-43F5-B3D7-D1D63057A26E", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A0517869-312D-4429-80C2-561086E1421C", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "85421F4E-C863-4ABF-B4B4-E887CC2F7F92", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "3827F0D4-5FEE-4181-B267-5A45E7CA11FC", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "7A9C2DE5-43B8-4D73-BDB5-EA55C7671A52", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list\n\nIn shrink_folio_list(), the hwpoisoned folio may be large folio, which\ncan't be handled by unmap_poisoned_folio(). For THP, try_to_unmap_one()\nmust be passed with TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD to split huge PMD first and then\nretry. Without TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger null-ptr deref of\npvmw.pte. Even we passed TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, we will trigger a\nWARN_ON_ONCE due to the page isn't in swapcache.\n\nSince UCE is rare in real world, and race with reclaimation is more rare,\njust skipping the hwpoisoned large folio is enough. memory_failure() will\nhandle it if the UCE is triggered again.\n\nThis happens when memory reclaim for large folio races with\nmemory_failure(), and will lead to kernel panic. The race is as\nfollows:\n\ncpu0 cpu1\n shrink_folio_list memory_failure\n TestSetPageHWPoison\n unmap_poisoned_folio\n --> trigger BUG_ON due to\n unmap_poisoned_folio couldn't\n handle large folio\n\n[tujinjiang@huawei.com: add comment to unmap_poisoned_folio()]"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nmm/vmscan: corregir el manejo de folios grandes 'hwpoisoned' en shrink_folio_list\n\nEn shrink_folio_list(), el folio 'hwpoisoned' puede ser un folio grande, que no puede ser manejado por unmap_poisoned_folio(). Para THP, try_to_unmap_one() debe ser pasado con TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD para dividir el PMD enorme primero y luego reintentar. Sin TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, activaremos una desreferencia de puntero nulo de pvmw.pte. Incluso si pasamos TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD, activaremos un WARN_ON_ONCE debido a que la p\u00e1gina no est\u00e1 en la swapcache.\n\nDado que UCE es raro en el mundo real, y la condici\u00f3n de carrera con la reclamaci\u00f3n es a\u00fan m\u00e1s rara, simplemente omitir el folio grande 'hwpoisoned' es suficiente. memory_failure() lo manejar\u00e1 si el UCE se activa de nuevo.\n\nEsto ocurre cuando la reclamaci\u00f3n de memoria para un folio grande entra en condici\u00f3n de carrera con memory_failure(), y conducir\u00e1 a un p\u00e1nico del kernel. La condici\u00f3n de carrera es la siguiente:\n\ncpu0 cpu1\n shrink_folio_list memory_failure\n TestSetPageHWPoison\n unmap_poisoned_folio\n --> activa BUG_ON debido a\n unmap_poisoned_folio no pudo\n manejar folios grandes\n\n[tujinjiang@huawei.com: a\u00f1adir comentario a unmap_poisoned_folio()]"}], "id": "CVE-2025-39725", "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2025-09-05T18:15:50.320", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/656eaddbc952e1baae2f69281c22debe22140312"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f1e8cd0b7c4c944e9921b52a6661b5eda2705ab"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c1101113d45838a823188ae25c61af97552a28ae"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-476"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: mm/vmscan: fix hwpoisoned large folio handling in shrink_folio_list", "id": "2393496", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2393496"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-39725", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-09-05T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39725\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39725\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025090522-CVE-2025-39725-7881@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-09-06T09:01:37.275576+00:00", "updated": "2025-09-06T09:01:37.275627+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}