CVE-2025-38574

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drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193\n ppp_channel_bridge_input drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2290 [inline]\n ppp_input+0x1d6/0xe60 drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2314\n pppoe_rcv_core+0x1e8/0x760 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:379\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n pppoe_sendmsg+0x15d/0xcb0 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:904\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n __sock_sendmsg+0x330/0x3d0 net/socket.c:727\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x893/0xd80 net/socket.c:2566\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x271/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2620\n __sys_sendmmsg+0x2d9/0x7c0 net/socket.c:2709"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H", "baseScore": 8.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The defect is reached from received packets \u2014 `ppp_channel_bridge_input()` passes an unvalidated skb directly to `pptp_xmit()`, and the peer channel can be an internet-routable pppol2tp (UDP/1701) or PPTP-GRE session, whose data-plane frames carry attacker-chosen lengths; the syzbot trace itself shows the receive handler `pppoe_rcv_core()` driving this path.\nAC:L - The attacker simply sends a PPP payload shorter than 3 bytes (or one whose linear head is short); there is no race, no memory-layout dependency, and unlimited retries are possible since each malformed frame is processed independently.\nPR:N - L2TP/PPPoE/PPTP data-plane frames carry no per-packet authentication \u2014 only cleartext tunnel/session/call IDs \u2014 so an off-path or on-segment attacker who observes or guesses those IDs reaches `ppp_input()` with no credentials at all.\nUI:N - The bridged channel is part of the running relay configuration; the attacker triggers the read purely by transmitting a frame, with no action from any local user or administrator.\nS:U - The uninitialized read, the bogus `skb_pull()` and the resulting panic all occur inside the kernel's own networking authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:L - Up to three bytes of uninitialized kernel heap \u2014 stale tailroom left by a freed object, or the leading `flags`/`meta_len`/`nr_frags` fields of `skb_shared_info` past the linear data \u2014 are read; their values steer whether `ff 03` is prepended and whether a byte is stripped, giving the tunnel peer an observable oracle on kernel memory, but the read is bounded to fixed offsets and is not copied out wholesale.\nI:L - The uninitialized bytes decide `islcp` and the `skb_pull(skb, 1)` in the SC_COMP_PROT branch, so the kernel silently emits PPP frames with a stripped leading byte or spurious address/control framing, corrupting the tunneled data delivered to the peer; there is no arbitrary write or memory corruption.\nA:H - When the bridged skb is nonlinear with `skb_headlen() == 0` and the stale `data[0]` reads as zero under normally-negotiated PFC, `skb_pull(skb, 1)` drives `skb->len` below `skb->data_len` and `__skb_pull()` calls `BUG()`, panicking the machine; on KMSAN/`panic_on_warn` builds the uninit read alone is fatal."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "97b8c5d322c5c0038cac4bc56fdbe237d0be426f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "26672f1679b143aa34fca0b6046b7fd0c184770d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "5de7513f38f3c19c0610294ee478242bea356f8c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "504cc4ab91073d2ac7404ad146139f86ecee7193", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "5005d24377378a20e5c0e53052fc4ebdcdcbc611", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "ea99b88b1999ebcb24d5d3a6b7910030f40d3bba", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "b7dcda76fd0615c0599c89f36873a6cd48e02dbb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "1a04db0fd75cb6034fc27a56b67b3b8b9022a98c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "de9c4861fb42f0cd72da844c3c34f692d5895b7b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c"], "versions": 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"status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.148"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.102"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", 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"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea99b88b1999ebcb24d5d3a6b7910030f40d3bba"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b7dcda76fd0615c0599c89f36873a6cd48e02dbb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a04db0fd75cb6034fc27a56b67b3b8b9022a98c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de9c4861fb42f0cd72da844c3c34f692d5895b7b"}], "title": "pptp: ensure minimal skb length in pptp_xmit()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:40:01.333Z"}}, {"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-38574", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:52.634407Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T22:02:25.939Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:40:01.333Z"}}, {"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-38574", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:52.634407Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:53.610Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "pptp: ensure minimal skb length in pptp_xmit()", "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "baseScore": 8.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The defect is reached from received packets \u2014 `ppp_channel_bridge_input()` passes an unvalidated skb directly to `pptp_xmit()`, and the peer channel can be an internet-routable pppol2tp (UDP/1701) or PPTP-GRE session, whose data-plane frames carry attacker-chosen lengths; the syzbot trace itself shows the receive handler `pppoe_rcv_core()` driving this path.\nAC:L - The attacker simply sends a PPP payload shorter than 3 bytes (or one whose linear head is short); there is no race, no memory-layout dependency, and unlimited retries are possible since each malformed frame is processed independently.\nPR:N - L2TP/PPPoE/PPTP data-plane frames carry no per-packet authentication \u2014 only cleartext tunnel/session/call IDs \u2014 so an off-path or on-segment attacker who observes or guesses those IDs reaches `ppp_input()` with no credentials at all.\nUI:N - The bridged channel is part of the running relay configuration; the attacker triggers the read purely by transmitting a frame, with no action from any local user or administrator.\nS:U - The uninitialized read, the bogus `skb_pull()` and the resulting panic all occur inside the kernel's own networking authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:L - Up to three bytes of uninitialized kernel heap \u2014 stale tailroom left by a freed object, or the leading `flags`/`meta_len`/`nr_frags` fields of `skb_shared_info` past the linear data \u2014 are read; their values steer whether `ff 03` is prepended and whether a byte is stripped, giving the tunnel peer an observable oracle on kernel memory, but the read is bounded to fixed offsets and is not copied out wholesale.\nI:L - The uninitialized bytes decide `islcp` and the `skb_pull(skb, 1)` in the SC_COMP_PROT branch, so the kernel silently emits PPP frames with a stripped leading byte or spurious address/control framing, corrupting the tunneled data delivered to the peer; there is no arbitrary write or memory corruption.\nA:H - When the bridged skb is nonlinear with `skb_headlen() == 0` and the stale `data[0]` reads as zero under normally-negotiated PFC, `skb_pull(skb, 1)` drives `skb->len` below `skb->data_len` and `__skb_pull()` calls `BUG()`, panicking the machine; on KMSAN/`panic_on_warn` builds the uninit read alone is fatal."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "97b8c5d322c5c0038cac4bc56fdbe237d0be426f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "26672f1679b143aa34fca0b6046b7fd0c184770d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2", "lessThan": "5de7513f38f3c19c0610294ee478242bea356f8c", 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net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n pppoe_sendmsg+0x15d/0xcb0 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:904\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n __sock_sendmsg+0x330/0x3d0 net/socket.c:727\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x893/0xd80 net/socket.c:2566\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x271/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2620\n __sys_sendmmsg+0x2d9/0x7c0 net/socket.c:2709"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.148", 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need a similar fix in pptp_xmit(), otherwise we might\nread uninit data as reported by syzbot.\n\nBUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193\n pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193\n ppp_channel_bridge_input drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2290 [inline]\n ppp_input+0x1d6/0xe60 drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2314\n pppoe_rcv_core+0x1e8/0x760 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:379\n sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148\n __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213\n release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767\n pppoe_sendmsg+0x15d/0xcb0 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:904\n sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline]\n __sock_sendmsg+0x330/0x3d0 net/socket.c:727\n ____sys_sendmsg+0x893/0xd80 net/socket.c:2566\n ___sys_sendmsg+0x271/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2620\n __sys_sendmmsg+0x2d9/0x7c0 net/socket.c:2709"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: pptp: garantizar la longitud m\u00ednima de skb en pptp_xmit() Se corrigi\u00f3 el commit aabc6596ffb3 (\"net: ppp: agregar verificaci\u00f3n de l\u00edmite para datos skb en ppp_sync_txmung\") ppp_sync_txmunge() Necesitamos una soluci\u00f3n similar en pptp_xmit(); de lo contrario, podr\u00edamos leer datos no inicializados como lo inform\u00f3 syzbot. ERROR: KMSAN: uninit-value in pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193 pptp_xmit+0xc34/0x2720 drivers/net/ppp/pptp.c:193 ppp_channel_bridge_input drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2290 [inline] ppp_input+0x1d6/0xe60 drivers/net/ppp/ppp_generic.c:2314 pppoe_rcv_core+0x1e8/0x760 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:379 sk_backlog_rcv+0x142/0x420 include/net/sock.h:1148 __release_sock+0x1d3/0x330 net/core/sock.c:3213 release_sock+0x6b/0x270 net/core/sock.c:3767 pppoe_sendmsg+0x15d/0xcb0 drivers/net/ppp/pppoe.c:904 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x330/0x3d0 net/socket.c:727 ____sys_sendmsg+0x893/0xd80 net/socket.c:2566 ___sys_sendmsg+0x271/0x3b0 net/socket.c:2620 __sys_sendmmsg+0x2d9/0x7c0 net/socket.c:2709 "}], "id": "CVE-2025-38574", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:18:45.977", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.6, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 4.7, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38574", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "yes"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:52.634407Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-08-19T17:15:34.427", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a04db0fd75cb6034fc27a56b67b3b8b9022a98c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26672f1679b143aa34fca0b6046b7fd0c184770d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5005d24377378a20e5c0e53052fc4ebdcdcbc611"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/504cc4ab91073d2ac7404ad146139f86ecee7193"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5de7513f38f3c19c0610294ee478242bea356f8c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97b8c5d322c5c0038cac4bc56fdbe237d0be426f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b7dcda76fd0615c0599c89f36873a6cd48e02dbb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de9c4861fb42f0cd72da844c3c34f692d5895b7b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ea99b88b1999ebcb24d5d3a6b7910030f40d3bba"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-908"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: pptp: ensure minimal skb length in pptp_xmit()", "id": "2389476", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2389476"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-38574", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38574\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38574\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025081911-CVE-2025-38574-6c50@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-08-21T12:31:52.229837+00:00", "updated": "2025-08-21T12:31:52.229907+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}