CVE-2025-38542

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Fix this by calling dev_put() to\nrelease the old device reference before holding the new one."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached via `ioctl(SIOCADDRT)` on a locally-created `AF_APPLETALK` socket, requiring local system access. There is no remote or adjacent-network trigger for `atrtr_create()`.\nAC:L - The leak is fully deterministic \u2014 issuing the same `SIOCADDRT` twice for one route target/flags pair leaks a reference on every subsequent call, with no race, timing window, or memory-layout dependency. The attacker controls the loop entirely and `appletalk.ko` autoloads on demand.\nPR:L - The 32-bit compat path `atalk_compat_routing_ioctl()` reaches `atrtr_create()` with no capability check whatsoever (dropped in v5.6 by dc13c8761c91c0), and `compat_sock_ioctl()` dispatches to it before any generic gating, so an ordinary unprivileged user account suffices. Only the native path enforces `capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the entire sequence from their own process with socket creation and repeated ioctls. No victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The leaked reference, the resulting hang, and any subsequent memory corruption are all confined to the kernel's own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The netdev refcount is an unprotected wrappable `int` (`this_cpu_inc` on `pcpu_refcnt`, no `refcount_t` saturation), so sustained leaking wraps `netdev_refcnt_read()` and causes `free_netdev()` while live references remain. The resulting use-after-free on `struct net_device` \u2014 still referenced by routes, qdiscs and sockets \u2014 yields an arbitrary kernel read primitive after heap reclaim.\nI:H - The same refcount wrap produces a dangling `struct net_device`, an object dense with function-pointer tables (`netdev_ops`, `ethtool_ops`, `header_ops`) that is straightforward to reclaim and spray, giving a write and control-flow hijack primitive. Per kernel scoring guidance, use-after-free is rated High for integrity.\nA:H - Each leaked reference makes the device permanently unremovable \u2014 `netdev_wait_allrefs_any()` spins forever from `netdev_run_todo()`, wedging the single-threaded `cleanup_net` workqueue so all further netns teardown and RTNL device removal hangs system-wide until reboot. The `BUG_ON(netdev_refcnt_read(dev) != 1)` in `netdev_run_todo()` additionally gives a directly reachable kernel panic."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/appletalk/ddp.c"], "versions": [{"version": "c7f905f0f6d49ed8c1aa4566c31f0383a0ba0c9d", "lessThan": "b92bedf71f25303e203a4e657489d76691a58119", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c7f905f0f6d49ed8c1aa4566c31f0383a0ba0c9d", "lessThan": "a7852b01793669248dce0348d14df89e77a32afd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c7f905f0f6d49ed8c1aa4566c31f0383a0ba0c9d", "lessThan": "b2f5dfa87367fdce9f8b995bc6c38f64f9ea2c90", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "c7f905f0f6d49ed8c1aa4566c31f0383a0ba0c9d", "lessThan": "d2e9f50f0bdad73b64a871f25186b899624518c4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": 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atrtr_create()\n\nWhen updating an existing route entry in atrtr_create(), the old device\nreference was not being released before assigning the new device,\nleading to a device refcount leak. Fix this by calling dev_put() to\nrelease the old device reference before holding the new one."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: appletalk: Se corrige la fuga de referencia del dispositivo en atrtr_create(). Al actualizar una entrada de ruta existente en atrtr_create(), la referencia del dispositivo anterior no se liberaba antes de asignar el nuevo dispositivo, lo que provocaba una fuga de referencia del dispositivo. Para solucionar esto, llame a dev_put() para liberar la referencia del dispositivo anterior antes de guardar la nueva."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38542", "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:25.000", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2025-08-16T12:15:30.083", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/473f3eadfc73b0fb6d8dee5829d19a5772e387f7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a17370da6e476d3d275534e9e9cd2d02c57ca46"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64124cf0aab0dd1e18c0fb5ae66e45741e727f8b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/711c80f7d8b163d3ecd463cd96f07230f488e750"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7852b01793669248dce0348d14df89e77a32afd"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b2f5dfa87367fdce9f8b995bc6c38f64f9ea2c90"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b92bedf71f25303e203a4e657489d76691a58119"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2e9f50f0bdad73b64a871f25186b899624518c4"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: appletalk: Fix device refcount leak in atrtr_create()", "id": "2388940", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2388940"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet: appletalk: Fix device refcount leak in atrtr_create()\nWhen updating an existing route entry in atrtr_create(), the old device\nreference was not being released before assigning the new device,\nleading to a device refcount leak. Fix this by calling dev_put() to\nrelease the old device reference before holding the new one."], "name": "CVE-2025-38542", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-08-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38542\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38542\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025081626-CVE-2025-38542-f304@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Low"}

{"created": "2025-08-18T20:50:07.625456+00:00", "updated": "2025-08-18T20:50:07.625551+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}