CVE-2025-38528

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38528", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.023Z", "datePublished": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:18.869Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:41.331Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H", "baseScore": 7.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The only trigger is a locally loaded eBPF program invoking a bprintf-like helper (`bpf_trace_printk`, `bpf_trace_vprintk`, `bpf_snprintf`, `bpf_seq_printf`) via the `bpf()` syscall; the format string is attacker-authored at `BPF_PROG_LOAD` time and consumed in the calling task's own context. No remote peer or packet can supply a format string.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the constant format string, so `\"%p%\"` deterministically reaches the `WARN_ONCE` in `format_decode()` and `\"%p%s\"` deterministically desyncs `bpf_bprintf_prepare()` from `bstr_printf()` on the first call \u2014 no race, no timing window, no dependence on memory layout the attacker cannot influence.\nPR:L - Reaching the helpers requires CAP_BPF plus CAP_PERFMON (or CAP_SYS_ADMIN) rather than full root, and these are routinely granted to non-root eBPF observability/profiling service accounts and can be delegated into a user namespace via a BPF token (supported in all affected 6.9+ branches), so a low-privilege non-root actor suffices.\nUI:N - The attacker performs self-contained `bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD)` and program-run/attach operations; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The faulty parse, the warning, and the stale-memory read all occur in the kernel's own security authority within the calling task's context; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The prepare/print desync makes `bstr_printf()`'s `FORMAT_STATE_STR` `strlen()` and copy uninitialized bytes from the per-CPU `bpf_bprintf_buffers` (512-byte `bin_args` followed by the 1024-byte `buf`, and potentially past the struct into adjacent per-CPU memory) straight into the `bpf_snprintf` output buffer or trace ring buffer that the attacker reads; because `nocopy_fmt` stores raw unhashed 64-bit values there, this leaks unsanitized kernel pointers, on top of the KASLR-defeating backtrace the `WARN_ONCE` dumps to dmesg.\nI:N - All writes stay bounded \u2014 `nocopy_fmt` checks `tmp_buf_end - tmp_buf` before storing, and `bstr_printf()`/`string()` gate every store on `str < end` \u2014 so the bug under-fills the argument buffer rather than overflowing it; no kernel or user memory is modified out of bounds.\nA:H - `\"%p%\"` triggers `WARN_ONCE` at `lib/vsprintf.c:2807`, which becomes a full kernel panic on the widely deployed `panic_on_warn=1` used in hardened cloud, Android, and fuzzing configurations \u2014 exactly the crash syzbot reported \u2014 and the unbounded `strlen()` over per-CPU memory can additionally fault; even without `panic_on_warn` the splat taints the kernel and can trip health-check tooling into taking the node down."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/helpers.c"], "versions": [{"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/helpers.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.13", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.13", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.190", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.147", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.100", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.40", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.147"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.100"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.40"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.8"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58"}], "title": "bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:39:24.864Z"}}, {"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-38528", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:29.402427Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:18.869Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:39:24.864Z"}}, {"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-38528", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:29.402427Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:51:30.447Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers", "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "baseScore": 7.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The only trigger is a locally loaded eBPF program invoking a bprintf-like helper (`bpf_trace_printk`, `bpf_trace_vprintk`, `bpf_snprintf`, `bpf_seq_printf`) via the `bpf()` syscall; the format string is attacker-authored at `BPF_PROG_LOAD` time and consumed in the calling task's own context. No remote peer or packet can supply a format string.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls the constant format string, so `\"%p%\"` deterministically reaches the `WARN_ONCE` in `format_decode()` and `\"%p%s\"` deterministically desyncs `bpf_bprintf_prepare()` from `bstr_printf()` on the first call \u2014 no race, no timing window, no dependence on memory layout the attacker cannot influence.\nPR:L - Reaching the helpers requires CAP_BPF plus CAP_PERFMON (or CAP_SYS_ADMIN) rather than full root, and these are routinely granted to non-root eBPF observability/profiling service accounts and can be delegated into a user namespace via a BPF token (supported in all affected 6.9+ branches), so a low-privilege non-root actor suffices.\nUI:N - The attacker performs self-contained `bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD)` and program-run/attach operations; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The faulty parse, the warning, and the stale-memory read all occur in the kernel's own security authority within the calling task's context; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The prepare/print desync makes `bstr_printf()`'s `FORMAT_STATE_STR` `strlen()` and copy uninitialized bytes from the per-CPU `bpf_bprintf_buffers` (512-byte `bin_args` followed by the 1024-byte `buf`, and potentially past the struct into adjacent per-CPU memory) straight into the `bpf_snprintf` output buffer or trace ring buffer that the attacker reads; because `nocopy_fmt` stores raw unhashed 64-bit values there, this leaks unsanitized kernel pointers, on top of the KASLR-defeating backtrace the `WARN_ONCE` dumps to dmesg.\nI:N - All writes stay bounded \u2014 `nocopy_fmt` checks `tmp_buf_end - tmp_buf` before storing, and `bstr_printf()`/`string()` gate every store on `str < end` \u2014 so the bug under-fills the argument buffer rather than overflowing it; no kernel or user memory is modified out of bounds.\nA:H - `\"%p%\"` triggers `WARN_ONCE` at `lib/vsprintf.c:2807`, which becomes a full kernel panic on the widely deployed `panic_on_warn=1` used in hardened cloud, Android, and fuzzing configurations \u2014 exactly the crash syzbot reported \u2014 and the unbounded `strlen()` over per-CPU memory can additionally fault; even without `panic_on_warn` the splat taints the kernel and can trip health-check tooling into taking the node down."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "48cac3f4a96ddf08df8e53809ed066de0dc93915", "lessThan": "f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/helpers.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "5.13"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.13", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.190", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.147", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.100", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.40", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.8", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["kernel/bpf/helpers.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\n\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\n bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\n\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\n\n Please remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\n WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\n\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.147", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.100", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.40", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.8", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16", "versionStartIncluding": "5.13"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:41.331Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38528", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:18.869Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.023Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-08-16T11:12:21.667Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Rechazo de la cadena de formato %p% en ayudantes similares a bprintf. static const char fmt[] = \"%p%\"; bpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt)); El programa BPF anterior no se rechaza y genera una advertencia del kernel en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n: Por favor, elimine el %\\x00 no compatible en la cadena de formato. ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 en lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0. Esto ocurre porque bpf_bprintf_prepare omite el segundo %, detectado como signo de puntuaci\u00f3n, al procesar %p. Este parche lo corrige al no omitir la puntuaci\u00f3n. %\\x00 se procesa en la siguiente iteraci\u00f3n y se rechaza."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38528", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:18:44.843", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.2, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 5.5, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38528", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:51:29.402427Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-08-16T12:15:28.313", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c5f5fd47bbda17cb885fe6f03730702cd53d3f8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61d5fa45ed13e42af14c7e959baba9908b8ee6d4"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6952aeace93f8c9ea01849efecac24dd3152c9c9"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/97303e541e12f1fea97834ec64b98991e8775f39"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7be679124bae8cf4fa6e40d7e1661baddfb3289"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8242745871f81a3ac37f9f51853d12854fd0b58"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: bpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers", "id": "2388943", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2388943"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nbpf: Reject %p% format string in bprintf-like helpers\nstatic const char fmt[] = \"%p%\";\nbpf_trace_printk(fmt, sizeof(fmt));\nThe above BPF program isn't rejected and causes a kernel warning at\nruntime:\nPlease remove unsupported %\\x00 in format string\nWARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7244 at lib/vsprintf.c:2680 format_decode+0x49c/0x5d0\nThis happens because bpf_bprintf_prepare skips over the second %,\ndetected as punctuation, while processing %p. This patch fixes it by\nnot skipping over punctuation. %\\x00 is then processed in the next\niteration and rejected."], "name": "CVE-2025-38528", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-08-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38528\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38528\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025081654-CVE-2025-38528-153c@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-08-18T20:50:06.795602+00:00", "updated": "2025-08-18T20:50:06.795655+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}