CVE-2025-38477

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Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section.\n\n2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and\nqfq_dump_class_stats."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable paths are reached via local RTM_NEWTCLASS/DELTCLASS/GETTCLASS netlink operations on a qfq qdisc raced against local packet transmission through that qdisc. No remote peer input is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread continuously transmits packets larger than the class lmax to force qfq_change_agg() from qfq_enqueue(), while another loops tc class show/change/delete \u2014 so the window can be hit reliably by repetition on an attacker-owned netdev.\nPR:L - tc class manipulation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but rtnetlink checks netlink_net_capable() against the netns user_ns, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn` and can build the entire qfq/veth setup inside that namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 creating the qdisc, the class, the filter, and both racing threads. No victim action is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - qfq_dump_class()/qfq_dump_class_stats() read class_weight and lmax from an already-freed qfq_aggregate and copy them to userspace via netlink, and the broader use-after-free on a generic kmalloc slab object can be groomed into an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - The unlocked qfq_rm_from_agg()/qfq_update_agg()/qfq_destroy_agg() in qfq_delete_class() write into a concurrently freed aggregate (list unlink plus several field stores) and can double-free it, giving heap-spray-based write primitives suitable for control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The race trivially produces a NULL pointer dereference on cl->agg, a use-after-free oops, a double free, or a divide-by-zero from corrupted num_classes/wsum, any of which panics the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", 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For example, qfq_dump_class may trigger a NULL\ndereference, and qfq_delete_class may cause a use-after-free.\n\nThis patch addresses the issue by:\n\n1. Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section.\n\n2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and\nqfq_dump_class_stats."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.147", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.100", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.40", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.8", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16", "versionStartIncluding": "3.8"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:54:32.482Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38477", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T05:54:32.482Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.021Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-07-28T11:21:38.319Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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"matchCriteriaId": "85421F4E-C863-4ABF-B4B4-E887CC2F7F92", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "3827F0D4-5FEE-4181-B267-5A45E7CA11FC", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}, {"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate\n\nA race condition can occur when 'agg' is modified in qfq_change_agg\n(called during qfq_enqueue) while other threads access it\nconcurrently. For example, qfq_dump_class may trigger a NULL\ndereference, and qfq_delete_class may cause a use-after-free.\n\nThis patch addresses the issue by:\n\n1. Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section.\n\n2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and\nqfq_dump_class_stats."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net/sched: sch_qfq: Correcci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en qfq_aggregate. Una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n puede ocurrir cuando se modifica 'agg' en qfq_change_agg (llamado durante qfq_enqueue) mientras otros subprocesos acceden a \u00e9l simult\u00e1neamente. Por ejemplo, qfq_dump_class puede desencadenar una desreferencia a NULL y qfq_delete_class puede causar un use-after-free. Este parche soluciona el problema mediante: 1. El traslado de qfq_destroy_class a la secci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica. 2. La adici\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n sch_tree_lock a qfq_dump_class y qfq_dump_class_stats."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38477", "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:19.777", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 4.7, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 3.6, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38477", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:44.296535Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-07-28T12:15:29.617", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/466e10194ab81caa2ee6a332d33ba16bcceeeba6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e28d5a3f774f118896aec17a3a20a9c5c9dfc64"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6d735100f602c830c16d69fb6d780eebd8c9ae1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa7a22c4d678bf649fd3a1d27debec583563414d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c000a3a330d97f6c073ace5aa5faf94b9adb4b79"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6df794000147a3a02f79984aada4ce83f8d0a1e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d841aa5518508ab195b6781ad0d73ee378d713dd"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbe48f06e64134dfeafa89ad23387f66ebca3527"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate", "id": "2383922", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2383922"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-38477", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-07-28T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38477\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38477\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025072813-CVE-2025-38477-8b42@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"created": "2025-07-29T07:59:22.870937+00:00", "updated": "2025-07-29T07:59:22.871006+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}