CVE-2025-38350

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38350", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.006Z", "datePublished": "2025-07-19T06:46:29.849Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T01:07:08.576Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:19.171Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty\n\nCertain classful qdiscs may invoke their classes' dequeue handler on an\nenqueue operation. This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus\nmake an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not\nexpect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the\nclass eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free.\n\nThe referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC\ncase by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to\nbe incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too.\nThe following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free:\n\n tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr\n tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1\n tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1\n tc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole\n\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n\nSince backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale\nclass pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes\na different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch\nensures that qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog always calls qlen_notify when\nthe child qdisc is empty. This solves the problem because deletion of\nqdiscs always involves a call to qdisc_reset() and / or\nqdisc_purge_queue() which ultimately resets its qlen to 0 thus causing\nthe following qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() to report to the parent. Note\nthat this may call qlen_notify on passive classes multiple times. This\nis not a problem after the recent patch series that made all the\nclassful qdiscs qlen_notify() handlers idempotent."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires configuring the qdisc/class hierarchy and deleting a class via local rtnetlink (RTM_NEWQDISC/RTM_DELTCLASS) syscalls, and the triggering packet is generated locally on `lo`. Per kernel guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The published reproducer is a deterministic sequence of seven `tc` commands plus two UDP datagrams \u2014 no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker's control. The attacker fully controls the qdisc tree shape that creates the stale class pointer.\nPR:L - The rtnetlink path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but `netlink_net_capable()` evaluates it against the network namespace's owning user namespace, so any unprivileged user with `unshare -Urn` gains it and the whole reproducer works on `lo` inside that namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc setup, class deletion, and sending the triggering packet to loopback \u2014 with no action by any other user or victim process.\nS:U - The freed `drr_class` and the corrupted active list live in kernel heap within the same security authority; this is a standard local kernel privilege-escalation primitive with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reclaim the freed `drr_class` with sprayed data and have the kernel dereference `cl->qdisc` and `cl->qdisc->ops` from it, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive and full disclosure of kernel memory.\nI:H - The stale class is both written through (`list_add_tail`/`list_del_init` on `cl->alist`, `cl->deficit`) and used for an indirect call via `cl->qdisc->ops->peek()`, giving controlled writes and control-flow hijacking for arbitrary code execution.\nA:H - Even without weaponization the dangling list entry causes an immediate use-after-free oops/panic on the next enqueue or dequeue, and it can be triggered repeatedly to reliably crash the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/sched/sch_api.c"], "versions": [{"version": "1034e3310752e8675e313f7271b348914008719a", "lessThan": "3b290923ad2b23596208c1e29520badef4356a43", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "f9f593e34d2fb67644372c8f7b033bdc622ad228", "lessThan": "e9921b57dca05ac5f4fa1fa8e993d4f0ee52e2b7", "status": "affected", "versionType": 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"3f3a22eebbc32b4fa8ce9c1d5f9db214b45b9335", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5.4.294", "lessThan": "5.4.296", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.238", "lessThan": "5.10.240", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.185", "lessThan": "5.15.187", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.141", "lessThan": "6.1.144", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.93", "lessThan": "6.6.97", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.31", "lessThan": "6.12.37", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.14.9", "lessThan": "6.15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/sched/sch_api.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.15", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.15", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.4.296", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.240", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.187", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.144", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.97", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.37", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": 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"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/103406b38c600fec1fe375a77b27d87e314aea09"}], "title": "net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:37:00.889Z"}}, {"x_adpType": "supplier", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "shortName": "siemens-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T01:07:08.576Z"}, "affected": [{"vendor": "Siemens", "product": "RUGGEDCOM RST2428P", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V3.3", "versionType": "custom"}], "defaultStatus": "unknown"}, {"vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 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Per kernel guidance, tc/netlink qdisc bugs are Local.\nAC:L - The published reproducer is a deterministic sequence of seven `tc` commands plus two UDP datagrams \u2014 no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker's control. The attacker fully controls the qdisc tree shape that creates the stale class pointer.\nPR:L - The rtnetlink path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but `netlink_net_capable()` evaluates it against the network namespace's owning user namespace, so any unprivileged user with `unshare -Urn` gains it and the whole reproducer works on `lo` inside that namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 qdisc setup, class deletion, and sending the triggering packet to loopback \u2014 with no action by any other user or victim process.\nS:U - The freed `drr_class` and the corrupted active list live in kernel heap within the same security authority; this is a standard local kernel privilege-escalation primitive with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets the attacker reclaim the freed `drr_class` with sprayed data and have the kernel dereference `cl->qdisc` and `cl->qdisc->ops` from it, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive and full disclosure of kernel memory.\nI:H - The stale class is both written through (`list_add_tail`/`list_del_init` on `cl->alist`, `cl->deficit`) and used for an indirect call via `cl->qdisc->ops->peek()`, giving controlled writes and control-flow hijacking for arbitrary code execution.\nA:H - Even without weaponization the dangling list entry causes an immediate use-after-free oops/panic on the next enqueue or dequeue, and it can be triggered repeatedly to reliably crash the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "1034e3310752e8675e313f7271b348914008719a", "lessThan": "3b290923ad2b23596208c1e29520badef4356a43", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f9f593e34d2fb67644372c8f7b033bdc622ad228", "lessThan": "e9921b57dca05ac5f4fa1fa8e993d4f0ee52e2b7", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "89c301e929a0db14ebd94b4d97764ce1d6981653", "lessThan": "e269f29e9395527bc00c213c6b15da04ebb35070", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "f1dde3eb17dc1b8bd07aed00004b1e05fc87a3d4", "lessThan": "7874c9c132e906a52a187d045995b115973c93fb", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "93c276942e75de0e5bc91576300d292e968f5a02", "lessThan": "f680a4643c6f71e758d8fe0431a958e9a6a4f59d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "49b21795b8e5654a7df3d910a12e1060da4c04cf", "lessThan": "a553afd91f55ff39b1e8a1c4989a29394c9e0472", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3f981138109f63232a5fb7165938d4c945cc1b9d", "lessThan": "a44acdd9e84a211989ff4b9b92bf3545d8456ad5", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3f981138109f63232a5fb7165938d4c945cc1b9d", "lessThan": "103406b38c600fec1fe375a77b27d87e314aea09", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3f3a22eebbc32b4fa8ce9c1d5f9db214b45b9335", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.4.294", "lessThan": "5.4.296", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.10.238", "lessThan": "5.10.240", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.15.185", "lessThan": "5.15.187", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.1.141", "lessThan": "6.1.144", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.6.93", "lessThan": "6.6.97", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.12.31", "lessThan": "6.12.37", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.14.9", "lessThan": "6.15", "versionType": "semver"}], "programFiles": ["net/sched/sch_api.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.15"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.15", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.4.296", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.240", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.187", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.144", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.97", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.37", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.6", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["net/sched/sch_api.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b290923ad2b23596208c1e29520badef4356a43"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9921b57dca05ac5f4fa1fa8e993d4f0ee52e2b7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e269f29e9395527bc00c213c6b15da04ebb35070"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7874c9c132e906a52a187d045995b115973c93fb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f680a4643c6f71e758d8fe0431a958e9a6a4f59d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a553afd91f55ff39b1e8a1c4989a29394c9e0472"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a44acdd9e84a211989ff4b9b92bf3545d8456ad5"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/103406b38c600fec1fe375a77b27d87e314aea09"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty\n\nCertain classful qdiscs may invoke their classes' dequeue handler on an\nenqueue operation. This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus\nmake an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not\nexpect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the\nclass eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free.\n\nThe referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC\ncase by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to\nbe incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too.\nThe following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free:\n\n tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr\n tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1\n tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1\n tc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole\n\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n\nSince backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale\nclass pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes\na different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch\nensures that qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog always calls qlen_notify when\nthe child qdisc is empty. This solves the problem because deletion of\nqdiscs always involves a call to qdisc_reset() and / or\nqdisc_purge_queue() which ultimately resets its qlen to 0 thus causing\nthe following qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() to report to the parent. Note\nthat this may call qlen_notify on passive classes multiple times. This\nis not a problem after the recent patch series that made all the\nclassful qdiscs qlen_notify() handlers idempotent."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.296", "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.294"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.240", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.238"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.187", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.185"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.144", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.141"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.97", "versionStartIncluding": "6.6.93"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.37", "versionStartIncluding": "6.12.31"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.6", "versionStartIncluding": "6.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16", "versionStartIncluding": "6.15"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "6.14.9"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:01:19.171Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38350", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T01:07:08.576Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.006Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-07-19T06:46:29.849Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus\nmake an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not\nexpect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the\nclass eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free.\n\nThe referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC\ncase by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to\nbe incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too.\nThe following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free:\n\n tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr\n tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1\n tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1\n tc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem\n tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole\n\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1\n echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\n\nSince backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale\nclass pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes\na different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch\nensures that qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog always calls qlen_notify when\nthe child qdisc is empty. This solves the problem because deletion of\nqdiscs always involves a call to qdisc_reset() and / or\nqdisc_purge_queue() which ultimately resets its qlen to 0 thus causing\nthe following qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() to report to the parent. Note\nthat this may call qlen_notify on passive classes multiple times. This\nis not a problem after the recent patch series that made all the\nclassful qdiscs qlen_notify() handlers idempotent."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net/sched: Siempre pasar notificaciones cuando la clase hija se vac\u00eda. Ciertas qdisc con clase pueden invocar el controlador de desencolado de sus clases en una operaci\u00f3n de encolado. Esto puede vaciar inesperadamente la qdisc hija y, por lo tanto, hacer que una clase en vuelo sea pasiva mediante qlen_notify(). La mayor\u00eda de las qdisc no esperan este comportamiento en este momento y pueden reactivar la clase eventualmente de todos modos, lo que conducir\u00e1 a un use-after-free. El commit de correcci\u00f3n referenciada intent\u00f3 corregir este comportamiento para el caso HFSC al mover la contabilidad del backlog, aunque esto result\u00f3 ser incompleto ya que el padre de la clase padre tambi\u00e9n podr\u00eda encontrarse con el problema. El siguiente reproductor demuestra este use-after-free: socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888 tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1 echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888 Dado que los problemas de contabilidad de atrasos que provocan un use-after-frees en punteros de clase obsoletos son un patr\u00f3n recurrente en este punto, este parche adopta un enfoque diferente. En lugar de intentar corregir la contabilidad, el parche garantiza que qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog siempre llame a qlen_notify cuando la qdisc secundaria est\u00e9 vac\u00eda. Esto soluciona el problema porque la eliminaci\u00f3n de qdiscs siempre implica una llamada a qdisc_reset() o qdisc_purge_queue(), que finalmente restablece su qlen a 0, lo que provoca que el siguiente qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() informe a la clase principal. Tenga en cuenta que esto puede llamar a qlen_notify en clases pasivas varias veces. Esto no es un problema despu\u00e9s de la serie de parches recientes que hicieron que todos los controladores qlen_notify() de las qdiscs con clase sean idempotentes."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38350", "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:09.270", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38350", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:06.207159Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-07-19T07:15:22.043", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/103406b38c600fec1fe375a77b27d87e314aea09"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3b290923ad2b23596208c1e29520badef4356a43"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7874c9c132e906a52a187d045995b115973c93fb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a44acdd9e84a211989ff4b9b92bf3545d8456ad5"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a553afd91f55ff39b1e8a1c4989a29394c9e0472"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e269f29e9395527bc00c213c6b15da04ebb35070"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9921b57dca05ac5f4fa1fa8e993d4f0ee52e2b7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f680a4643c6f71e758d8fe0431a958e9a6a4f59d"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html"}, {"source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty", "id": "2382054", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2382054"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-416", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty\nCertain classful qdiscs may invoke their classes' dequeue handler on an\nenqueue operation. This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus\nmake an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not\nexpect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the\nclass eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free.\nThe referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC\ncase by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to\nbe incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too.\nThe following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free:\ntc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr\ntc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1\ntc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr\ntc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1\ntc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0\ntc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem\ntc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole\necho 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\ntc class delete dev lo classid 1:1\necho 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888\nSince backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale\nclass pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes\na different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch\nensures that qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog always calls qlen_notify when\nthe child qdisc is empty. This solves the problem because deletion of\nqdiscs always involves a call to qdisc_reset() and / or\nqdisc_purge_queue() which ultimately resets its qlen to 0 thus causing\nthe following qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() to report to the parent. Note\nthat this may call qlen_notify on passive classes multiple times. This\nis not a problem after the recent patch series that made all the\nclassful qdiscs qlen_notify() handlers idempotent.", "A use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's net/sched subsystem, specifically in the Credit-Based Shaper (CBS) qdisc implementation (sch_cbs). The vulnerability occurs because the CBS qdisc's reset function (qdisc_reset_queue()) only resets its internal queue but fails to reset its child qdisc recursively. As a result, a mismatch in queue length (qlen) occurs between CBS and its children during interface resets, eventually allowing attackers to trigger UAF on a parent HFSC scheduler."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "To mitigate this issue, prevent the sch_cbs module from being loaded. Please see https://access.redhat.com/solutions/41278 for how information on how to blacklist a kernel module to prevent it from loading automatically."}, "name": "CVE-2025-38350", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "impact": "moderate", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-07-19T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38350\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38350\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025071933-CVE-2025-38350-262a@gregkh/T"], "statement": "On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and later releases, regular (non-root) users can exploit this issue by abusing unprivileged user namespaces. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, unprivileged user namespaces are disabled by default. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 did not include support for them at all, meaning that root privileges are necessary to trigger this flaw.", "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"created": "2025-07-21T15:16:52.624700+00:00", "updated": "2025-07-21T15:16:52.624768+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}