CVE-2025-38270

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Breno reports hitting a\nwarning in napi_complete_done():\n\nWARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560\n __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0\n handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710\n\nThis is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - netdevsim is a purely software-simulated netdev with no physical link; the vulnerable `nsim_poll()` is reached by transmitting on a local netdevsim interface (`nsim_start_xmit` \u2192 `nsim_napi_rx` \u2192 `napi_schedule`) or via a locally configured netconsole/netpoll. There is no path from unsolicited remote traffic in a default configuration.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both the trigger and the race: queuing \u226564 skbs on one RX ring makes `nsim_rcv()` return the full budget deterministically, and concurrent `napi_schedule()` from a second thread on another CPU is trivially arranged by multi-threaded sending. No condition depends on state outside the attacker's influence.\nPR:L - Given a netdevsim interface present in the attacker's network namespace (a routine setup on CI/test hosts and in admin-provisioned containers), an ordinary unprivileged local user can drive the RX ring to full budget simply by sending packets \u2014 no capability check guards `nsim_start_xmit()` or the NAPI poll path.\nUI:N - The condition is triggered entirely by the attacker's own packet transmission and softirq NAPI processing; no victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The corrupted state (NAPI `state` bits, `poll_list`, GRO lists) and the resulting impact are all within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Clearing `NAPIF_STATE_SCHED` while still owning the instance destroys NAPI's only mutual-exclusion guarantee (netpoll_poll_lock is a no-op without netpoll), allowing two CPUs to run the same NAPI concurrently over shared `napi->gro` and skb lists; the resulting list corruption/UAF is leverageable to read adjacent kernel memory.\nI:H - A `list_add_tail()` of an already-linked `poll_list` node onto a second CPU's poll list is an unlinked-pointer write into kernel list structures, and concurrent GRO/skb-queue manipulation yields further heap corruption \u2014 both classic primitives for controlled kernel memory writes.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a `WARN_ON_ONCE` in `napi_complete_done()` (fatal under `panic_on_warn`), and the NAPI-state desync additionally causes list corruption, `pr_crit` under `CONFIG_DEBUG_NET`, softirq loops, and oopses that take down the machine."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"], "versions": [{"version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.10", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.10", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.34", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d"}], "title": "net: drv: netdevsim: don't napi_complete() from netpoll", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-38270", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:49:13.510356Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:13.251Z"}}]}}

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There is no path from unsolicited remote traffic in a default configuration.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both the trigger and the race: queuing \u226564 skbs on one RX ring makes `nsim_rcv()` return the full budget deterministically, and concurrent `napi_schedule()` from a second thread on another CPU is trivially arranged by multi-threaded sending. No condition depends on state outside the attacker's influence.\nPR:L - Given a netdevsim interface present in the attacker's network namespace (a routine setup on CI/test hosts and in admin-provisioned containers), an ordinary unprivileged local user can drive the RX ring to full budget simply by sending packets \u2014 no capability check guards `nsim_start_xmit()` or the NAPI poll path.\nUI:N - The condition is triggered entirely by the attacker's own packet transmission and softirq NAPI processing; no victim action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The corrupted state (NAPI `state` bits, `poll_list`, GRO lists) and the resulting impact are all within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Clearing `NAPIF_STATE_SCHED` while still owning the instance destroys NAPI's only mutual-exclusion guarantee (netpoll_poll_lock is a no-op without netpoll), allowing two CPUs to run the same NAPI concurrently over shared `napi->gro` and skb lists; the resulting list corruption/UAF is leverageable to read adjacent kernel memory.\nI:H - A `list_add_tail()` of an already-linked `poll_list` node onto a second CPU's poll list is an unlinked-pointer write into kernel list structures, and concurrent GRO/skb-queue manipulation yields further heap corruption \u2014 both classic primitives for controlled kernel memory writes.\nA:H - The reported symptom is a `WARN_ON_ONCE` in `napi_complete_done()` (fatal under `panic_on_warn`), and the NAPI-state desync additionally causes list corruption, `pr_crit` under `CONFIG_DEBUG_NET`, softirq loops, and oopses that take down the machine."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "3762ec05a9fbda16aaaa2568df679ab8ad13f38d", "lessThan": "1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d", "versionType": "git"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.10"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.10", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.34", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15.3", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.16", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["drivers/net/netdevsim/netdev.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: drv: netdevsim: don't napi_complete() from netpoll\n\nnetdevsim supports netpoll. Make sure we don't call napi_complete()\nfrom it, since it may not be scheduled. Breno reports hitting a\nwarning in napi_complete_done():\n\nWARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560\n __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0\n handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710\n\nThis is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely."}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.16", "versionStartIncluding": "6.10"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:52.836Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-38270", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:13.251Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.998Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-07-10T07:41:52.475Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

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Make sure we don't call napi_complete()\nfrom it, since it may not be scheduled. Breno reports hitting a\nwarning in napi_complete_done():\n\nWARNING: CPU: 14 PID: 104 at net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560\n __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0\n handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710\n\nThis is presumably after netpoll stole the SCHED bit prematurely."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net: drv: netdevsim: no ejecutar napi_complete() desde netpoll. netdevsim es compatible con netpoll. Aseg\u00farese de no ejecutar napi_complete() desde \u00e9l, ya que podr\u00eda no estar programado. Breno informa de una advertencia en napi_complete_done(): ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 14 PID: 104 en net/core/dev.c:6592 napi_complete_done+0x2cc/0x560 __napi_poll+0x2d8/0x3a0 handle_softirqs+0x1fe/0x710. Presumiblemente, esto se debe a que netpoll rob\u00f3 el bit SCHED prematuramente."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38270", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:18:37.560", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38270", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:49:13.510356Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-07-10T08:15:25.197", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1264971017b4d7141352a7fe29021bdfce5d885d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6837dd877270c57689bd866de9f3de14172c2439"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ff2e362d901200a1075c3ca9c56d9c7bbef389"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: drv: netdevsim: don't napi_complete() from netpoll", "id": "2379212", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2379212"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2025-38270", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38270\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38270\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025071008-CVE-2025-38270-c7b0@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-07-13T11:06:36.279995+00:00", "updated": "2025-07-13T11:06:36.280055+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}