CVE-2025-38108

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No remote peer can reach `__red_change()`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 they configure the SFQ perturb period (1s), arm the timer, fill the queue so `sfq_rehash()` drops packets, and drive the `__red_change()` loop, retrying unboundedly across many RED/SFQ hierarchies with no external precondition.\nPR:L - Only CAP_NET_ADMIN within the netns owner's user namespace is required (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922 uses `netlink_net_capable()`), which any unprivileged local user obtains via `unshare -Urn`; qdisc module autoload is not additionally gated.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 creating the qdisc hierarchy, generating the traffic, and issuing the change requests. No victim action is involved.\nS:U - The corrupted state and any resulting memory corruption are confined to the kernel of the same host; no VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The `qlen`/`backlog` underflow desynchronizes parent qdisc accounting from its class active lists, yielding stale/freed class objects being walked in the dequeue path \u2014 a use-after-free-grade primitive that gives an attacker control over freed slab contents and thus kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same qlen-underflow-to-UAF desync in classful parents (HTB/HFSC/DRR/QFQ/ETS) permits heap grooming over the freed class objects and corruption of adjacent kernel structures and function pointers, giving a write/control-flow primitive; the fix's own wording notes the underflow \"can be abused.\"\nA:H - A parent qdisc believing it holds ~4 billion packets triggers `WARN_ON`s, NULL dereferences in the dequeue path, and permanently wedged/inconsistent qdisc state, and any resulting use-after-free reliably panics the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/sched/sch_red.c"], "versions": [{"version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": 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"6.16"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b755305b2b0618e857fdadb499365b5f2e478d1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444ad445df5496a785705019268a8a84b84484bb"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85a3e0ede38450ea3053b8c45d28cf55208409b8"}], "title": "net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}, {"url": 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No remote peer can reach `__red_change()`.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 they configure the SFQ perturb period (1s), arm the timer, fill the queue so `sfq_rehash()` drops packets, and drive the `__red_change()` loop, retrying unboundedly across many RED/SFQ hierarchies with no external precondition.\nPR:L - Only CAP_NET_ADMIN within the netns owner's user namespace is required (net/core/rtnetlink.c:6922 uses `netlink_net_capable()`), which any unprivileged local user obtains via `unshare -Urn`; qdisc module autoload is not additionally gated.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 creating the qdisc hierarchy, generating the traffic, and issuing the change requests. No victim action is involved.\nS:U - The corrupted state and any resulting memory corruption are confined to the kernel of the same host; no VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The `qlen`/`backlog` underflow desynchronizes parent qdisc accounting from its class active lists, yielding stale/freed class objects being walked in the dequeue path \u2014 a use-after-free-grade primitive that gives an attacker control over freed slab contents and thus kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The same qlen-underflow-to-UAF desync in classful parents (HTB/HFSC/DRR/QFQ/ETS) permits heap grooming over the freed class objects and corruption of adjacent kernel structures and function pointers, giving a write/control-flow primitive; the fix's own wording notes the underflow \"can be abused.\"\nA:H - A parent qdisc believing it holds ~4 billion packets triggers `WARN_ON`s, NULL dereferences in the dequeue path, and permanently wedged/inconsistent qdisc state, and any resulting use-after-free reliably panics the kernel."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "0c8d13ac96070000da33f394f45e9c19638483c5", "lessThan": "2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", 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"6.7", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "0541C761-BD5E-4C1A-8432-83B375D7EB92", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "6D4894DB-CCFE-4602-B1BF-3960B2E19A01", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}, {"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()\n\nGerrard Tai reported a race condition in RED, whenever SFQ perturb timer\nfires at the wrong time.\n\nThe race is as follows:\n\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n[1]: lock root\n[2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\n[3]: unlock root\n |\n | [5]: lock root\n | [6]: rehash\n | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()\n |\n[4]: qdisc_put()\n\nThis can be abused to underflow a parent's qlen.\n\nCalling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\nshould fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc\nbefore releasing the lock."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net_sched: red: corrige una ejecuci\u00f3n en __red_change() Gerrard Tai inform\u00f3 una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en RED, siempre que el temporizador de perturbaci\u00f3n SFQ se dispara en el momento equivocado. La carrera es la siguiente: CPU 0 CPU 1 [1]: ra\u00edz de bloqueo [2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() [3]: ra\u00edz de desbloqueo | | [5]: ra\u00edz de bloqueo | [6]: rehash | [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() | [4]: qdisc_put() Esto se puede abusar para desbordar el qlen de un padre. Llamar a qdisc_purge_queue() en lugar de qdisc_tree_flush_backlog() deber\u00eda corregir la ejecuci\u00f3n, porque todos los paquetes se purgar\u00e1n del qdisc antes de liberar el bloqueo."}], "id": "CVE-2025-38108", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:18:27.337", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.0, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.0, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-38108", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:47:28.023257Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-07-03T09:15:24.413", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/110a47efcf23438ff8d31dbd9c854fae2a48bf98"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2790c4ec481be45a80948d059cd7c9a06bc37493"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2a71924ca4af59ffc00f0444732b6cd54b153d0e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/444ad445df5496a785705019268a8a84b84484bb"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b755305b2b0618e857fdadb499365b5f2e478d1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/85a3e0ede38450ea3053b8c45d28cf55208409b8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1bf6a4e9264a685b0e642994031f9c5aad72414"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f569984417a4e12c67366e69bdcb752970de921d"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-362"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()", "id": "2376089", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2376089"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()\nGerrard Tai reported a race condition in RED, whenever SFQ perturb timer\nfires at the wrong time.\nThe race is as follows:\nCPU 0 CPU 1\n[1]: lock root\n[2]: qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\n[3]: unlock root\n|\n| [5]: lock root\n| [6]: rehash\n| [7]: qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog()\n|\n[4]: qdisc_put()\nThis can be abused to underflow a parent's qlen.\nCalling qdisc_purge_queue() instead of qdisc_tree_flush_backlog()\nshould fix the race, because all packets will be purged from the qdisc\nbefore releasing the lock."], "name": "CVE-2025-38108", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-07-03T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38108\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38108\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025070323-CVE-2025-38108-9c8c@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-07-06T22:16:22.940417+00:00", "updated": "2025-07-06T22:16:22.940473+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}