CVE-2025-37957

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-37957", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.974Z", "datePublished": "2025-05-20T16:01:50.878Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:21:29.599Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:21:29.599Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception\n\nPreviously, commit ed129ec9057f (\"KVM: x86: forcibly leave nested mode\non vCPU reset\") addressed an issue where a triple fault occurring in\nnested mode could lead to use-after-free scenarios. However, the commit\ndid not handle the analogous situation for System Management Mode (SMM).\n\nThis omission results in triggering a WARN when KVM forces a vCPU INIT\nafter SHUTDOWN interception while the vCPU is in SMM. This situation was\nreprodused using Syzkaller by:\n\n 1) Creating a KVM VM and vCPU\n 2) Sending a KVM_SMI ioctl to explicitly enter SMM\n 3) Executing invalid instructions causing consecutive exceptions and\n eventually a triple fault\n\nThe issue manifests as follows:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Modules linked in:\n CPU: 0 PID: 25506 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted\n 6.1.130-syzkaller-00157-g164fe5dde9b6 #0\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),\n BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n shutdown_interception+0x66/0xb0 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:2136\n svm_invoke_exit_handler+0x110/0x530 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3395\n svm_handle_exit+0x424/0x920 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3457\n vcpu_enter_guest arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10959 [inline]\n vcpu_run+0x2c43/0x5a90 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11062\n kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x50f/0x1cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11283\n kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x570/0xf00 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4122\n vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [inline]\n __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [inline]\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x19a/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8\n\nArchitecturally, INIT is blocked when the CPU is in SMM, hence KVM's WARN()\nin kvm_vcpu_reset() to guard against KVM bugs, e.g. to detect improper\nemulation of INIT. SHUTDOWN on SVM is a weird edge case where KVM needs to\ndo _something_ sane with the VMCB, since it's technically undefined, and\nINIT is the least awful choice given KVM's ABI.\n\nSo, double down on stuffing INIT on SHUTDOWN, and force the vCPU out of\nSMM to avoid any weirdness (and the WARN).\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.\n\n[sean: massage changelog, make it clear this isn't architectural behavior]"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the local KVM device interface (`KVM_SMI` + `KVM_RUN` ioctls on /dev/kvm) or by code executing inside a guest VM on the local host; no network protocol handling is involved.\nAC:L - The trigger is fully deterministic and attacker-controlled \u2014 enter SMM, then execute instructions that cause consecutive faults until a triple fault, which unconditionally hits the SHUTDOWN intercept; syzkaller reproduced it reliably with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The attacker needs only access to /dev/kvm (routinely granted to the unprivileged `kvm` group and to sandboxed VMM processes such as QEMU), or ring-0 in a guest to write the LAPIC ICR with SMI delivery mode; no root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence itself via ioctls or guest instruction execution; no action by any other user or administrator is needed.\nS:C - The attacker is confined to a VM/VMM sandbox, but the corrupted state lives in the host kernel's KVM MMU, so the impact escapes that confinement to the host and to other guests on the same host; the stale `smm=1` root additionally breaches the SMM/SMRAM boundary the VMM enforces.\nC:H - The vCPU resumes with an MMU root tagged for the SMM address space while KVM believes it is not in SMM, granting the guest read access to SMRAM and leaving address-space-mismatched SPTEs that slot-scoped zaps never invalidate, yielding dangling read mappings into freed host pages.\nI:H - The same address-space-confused SPTEs are writable, so the guest can write to SMRAM (defeating firmware/secure-boot protections) and to host pages that have been freed or migrated away, providing a host memory write primitive.\nA:H - The WARN_ON_ONCE in kvm_vcpu_reset() is hit on demand, which is an immediate host kernel panic on the widely deployed `panic_on_warn=1` hardened configuration, and the resulting inconsistent vCPU/MMU state can crash the host independently."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "versions": [{"version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "6425c590d0cc6914658a630a40b7f8226aa028c3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "d40ef0a511676bd65ca9acb295430c07af59ab85", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5.15.81", "lessThan": "5.16", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.0.11", "lessThan": "6.1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.1", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.1", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.191", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.92", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.29", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.14.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.92"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.29"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.81"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.11"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f"}], "title": "KVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-37957", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:46:27.894388Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:52:05.202Z"}}]}}

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "containers": {"adp": [{"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-37957", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "no"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:46:27.894388Z"}}}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:46:28.719Z"}}], "cna": {"title": "KVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception", "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through the local KVM device interface (`KVM_SMI` + `KVM_RUN` ioctls on /dev/kvm) or by code executing inside a guest VM on the local host; no network protocol handling is involved.\nAC:L - The trigger is fully deterministic and attacker-controlled \u2014 enter SMM, then execute instructions that cause consecutive faults until a triple fault, which unconditionally hits the SHUTDOWN intercept; syzkaller reproduced it reliably with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The attacker needs only access to /dev/kvm (routinely granted to the unprivileged `kvm` group and to sandboxed VMM processes such as QEMU), or ring-0 in a guest to write the LAPIC ICR with SMI delivery mode; no root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the init namespace is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence itself via ioctls or guest instruction execution; no action by any other user or administrator is needed.\nS:C - The attacker is confined to a VM/VMM sandbox, but the corrupted state lives in the host kernel's KVM MMU, so the impact escapes that confinement to the host and to other guests on the same host; the stale `smm=1` root additionally breaches the SMM/SMRAM boundary the VMM enforces.\nC:H - The vCPU resumes with an MMU root tagged for the SMM address space while KVM believes it is not in SMM, granting the guest read access to SMRAM and leaving address-space-mismatched SPTEs that slot-scoped zaps never invalidate, yielding dangling read mappings into freed host pages.\nI:H - The same address-space-confused SPTEs are writable, so the guest can write to SMRAM (defeating firmware/secure-boot protections) and to host pages that have been freed or migrated away, providing a host memory write primitive.\nA:H - The WARN_ON_ONCE in kvm_vcpu_reset() is hit on demand, which is an immediate host kernel panic on the widely deployed `panic_on_warn=1` hardened configuration, and the resulting inconsistent vCPU/MMU state can crash the host independently."}]}], "affected": [{"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "lessThan": "a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6425c590d0cc6914658a630a40b7f8226aa028c3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d40ef0a511676bd65ca9acb295430c07af59ab85", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "5.15.81", "lessThan": "5.16", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6.0.11", "lessThan": "6.1", "versionType": "semver"}], "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}, {"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "product": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "6.1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.92", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.29", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.14.7", "versionType": "semver", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix", "lessThanOrEqual": "*"}], "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "defaultStatus": "affected"}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception\n\nPreviously, commit ed129ec9057f (\"KVM: x86: forcibly leave nested mode\non vCPU reset\") addressed an issue where a triple fault occurring in\nnested mode could lead to use-after-free scenarios. However, the commit\ndid not handle the analogous situation for System Management Mode (SMM).\n\nThis omission results in triggering a WARN when KVM forces a vCPU INIT\nafter SHUTDOWN interception while the vCPU is in SMM. This situation was\nreprodused using Syzkaller by:\n\n 1) Creating a KVM VM and vCPU\n 2) Sending a KVM_SMI ioctl to explicitly enter SMM\n 3) Executing invalid instructions causing consecutive exceptions and\n eventually a triple fault\n\nThe issue manifests as follows:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Modules linked in:\n CPU: 0 PID: 25506 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted\n 6.1.130-syzkaller-00157-g164fe5dde9b6 #0\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),\n BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n shutdown_interception+0x66/0xb0 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:2136\n svm_invoke_exit_handler+0x110/0x530 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3395\n svm_handle_exit+0x424/0x920 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3457\n vcpu_enter_guest arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10959 [inline]\n vcpu_run+0x2c43/0x5a90 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11062\n kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x50f/0x1cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11283\n kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x570/0xf00 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4122\n vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [inline]\n __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [inline]\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x19a/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8\n\nArchitecturally, INIT is blocked when the CPU is in SMM, hence KVM's WARN()\nin kvm_vcpu_reset() to guard against KVM bugs, e.g. to detect improper\nemulation of INIT. SHUTDOWN on SVM is a weird edge case where KVM needs to\ndo _something_ sane with the VMCB, since it's technically undefined, and\nINIT is the least awful choice given KVM's ABI.\n\nSo, double down on stuffing INIT on SHUTDOWN, and force the vCPU out of\nSMM to avoid any weirdness (and the WARN).\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.\n\n[sean: massage changelog, make it clear this isn't architectural behavior]"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.191", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.92", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.29", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.7", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionEndExcluding": "6.15", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.81"}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "vulnerable": true, "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.11"}], "operator": "OR"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:21:29.599Z"}}}, "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-37957", "state": "PUBLISHED", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-30T12:21:29.599Z", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.974Z", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "datePublished": "2025-05-20T16:01:50.878Z", "assignerShortName": "Linux"}, "dataVersion": "5.2"}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f", "status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a", "status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c", "status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1", "status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f", "status": "affected", "version": "ed129ec9057f89d615ba0c81a4984a90345a1684", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "6425c590d0cc6914658a630a40b7f8226aa028c3", "versionType": "git"}, {"status": "affected", "version": "d40ef0a511676bd65ca9acb295430c07af59ab85", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "5.16", "status": "affected", "version": "5.15.81", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "6.1", "status": "affected", "version": "6.0.11", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/kvm/smm.c", "arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "6.1"}, {"lessThan": "6.1", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.191", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.92", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.29", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.14.7", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.15", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "B203ED35-B684-4AFA-8FE5-D0B2CEF65D83", "versionEndExcluding": "5.16", "versionStartIncluding": "5.15.81", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5D80EA67-1B78-4B36-AE0D-92718B28A1C9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1", "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.11", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "84BB416D-9100-4D90-8290-FB40235C65E5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.92", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "7215ABCF-8EB1-46CD-8872-8BCE4890E579", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.29", "versionStartIncluding": "6.7", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5715A6F5-A34A-4B27-8A64-82825E963995", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.7", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "DE093B34-F4CD-4052-8122-730D6537A91A", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.1:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8535320E-A0DB-4277-800E-D0CE5BBA59E8", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.1:rc8:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "21718AA4-4056-40F2-968E-BDAA465A7872", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8D465631-2980-487A-8E65-40AE2B9F8ED1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "4C9D071F-B28E-46EC-AC61-22B913390211", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "13FC0DDE-E513-465E-9E81-515702D49B74", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8C7B5B0E-4EEB-48F5-B4CF-0935A7633845", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "2D240580-3048-49B2-9E27-F115A9DF8224", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception\n\nPreviously, commit ed129ec9057f (\"KVM: x86: forcibly leave nested mode\non vCPU reset\") addressed an issue where a triple fault occurring in\nnested mode could lead to use-after-free scenarios. However, the commit\ndid not handle the analogous situation for System Management Mode (SMM).\n\nThis omission results in triggering a WARN when KVM forces a vCPU INIT\nafter SHUTDOWN interception while the vCPU is in SMM. This situation was\nreprodused using Syzkaller by:\n\n 1) Creating a KVM VM and vCPU\n 2) Sending a KVM_SMI ioctl to explicitly enter SMM\n 3) Executing invalid instructions causing consecutive exceptions and\n eventually a triple fault\n\nThe issue manifests as follows:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Modules linked in:\n CPU: 0 PID: 25506 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted\n 6.1.130-syzkaller-00157-g164fe5dde9b6 #0\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),\n BIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014\n RIP: 0010:kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\n Call Trace:\n <TASK>\n shutdown_interception+0x66/0xb0 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:2136\n svm_invoke_exit_handler+0x110/0x530 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3395\n svm_handle_exit+0x424/0x920 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3457\n vcpu_enter_guest arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10959 [inline]\n vcpu_run+0x2c43/0x5a90 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11062\n kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x50f/0x1cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11283\n kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x570/0xf00 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4122\n vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [inline]\n __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [inline]\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x19a/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8\n\nArchitecturally, INIT is blocked when the CPU is in SMM, hence KVM's WARN()\nin kvm_vcpu_reset() to guard against KVM bugs, e.g. to detect improper\nemulation of INIT. SHUTDOWN on SVM is a weird edge case where KVM needs to\ndo _something_ sane with the VMCB, since it's technically undefined, and\nINIT is the least awful choice given KVM's ABI.\n\nSo, double down on stuffing INIT on SHUTDOWN, and force the vCPU out of\nSMM to avoid any weirdness (and the WARN).\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.\n\n[sean: massage changelog, make it clear this isn't architectural behavior]"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: KVM: SVM: Forzar la salida del modo SMM al interceptar el apagado. Anteriormente, el commit ed129ec9057f (\"KVM: x86: forzar la salida del modo anidado al reiniciar la vCPU\") solucion\u00f3 un problema en el que una triple falla en el modo anidado pod\u00eda provocar escenarios de use-after-free. Sin embargo, esta confirmaci\u00f3n no solucion\u00f3 la situaci\u00f3n an\u00e1loga para el modo de administraci\u00f3n del sistema (SMM). Esta omisi\u00f3n provoca la activaci\u00f3n de una advertencia cuando KVM fuerza una inicializaci\u00f3n de la vCPU tras la interceptaci\u00f3n del apagado mientras esta se encuentra en SMM. Esta situaci\u00f3n se reprodujo utilizando Syzkaller mediante: 1) la creaci\u00f3n de una m\u00e1quina virtual KVM y vCPU 2) el env\u00edo de un ioctl KVM_SMI para ingresar expl\u00edcitamente a SMM 3) la ejecuci\u00f3n de instrucciones no v\u00e1lidas que causan excepciones consecutivas y, finalmente, un fallo triple El problema se manifiesta de la siguiente manera: ADVERTENCIA: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 en arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112 kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112 M\u00f3dulos vinculados en: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 Comm: syz-executor.0 No contaminado 6.1.130-syzkaller-00157-g164fe5dde9b6 #0 Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.12.0-1 01/04/2014 RIP: 0010:kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112 Rastreo de llamadas: shutdown_interception+0x66/0xb0 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:2136 svm_invoke_exit_handler+0x110/0x530 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3395 svm_handle_exit+0x424/0x920 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3457 vcpu_enter_guest arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10959 [en l\u00ednea] vcpu_run+0x2c43/0x5a90 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11062 kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x50f/0x1cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11283 kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x570/0xf00 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4122 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [en l\u00ednea] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [en l\u00ednea] __se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [en l\u00ednea] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x19a/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [en l\u00ednea] do_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8 Arquitect\u00f3nicamente, INIT se bloquea cuando la CPU est\u00e1 en SMM, de ah\u00ed el WARN() de KVM en kvm_vcpu_reset() para protegerse contra errores de KVM, por ejemplo, para detectar una emulaci\u00f3n incorrecta de INIT. SHUTDOWN en SVM es un caso extremo extra\u00f1o en el que KVM necesita hacer _algo_ sensato con el VMCB, ya que t\u00e9cnicamente no est\u00e1 definido, e INIT es la opci\u00f3n menos terrible dada la ABI de KVM. As\u00ed que, redobla la apuesta por el uso excesivo de INIT al apagar y fuerza la salida de la vCPU de SMM para evitar cualquier anomal\u00eda (y la advertencia). Encontrado por el Centro de Verificaci\u00f3n de Linux (linuxtesting.org) con Syzkaller. [sean: revisa el registro de cambios, aclara que esto no es un comportamiento arquitect\u00f3nico]"}], "id": "CVE-2025-37957", "lastModified": "2026-10-30T13:17:59.193", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "impactScore": 6.0, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2025-37957", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:46:27.894388Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2025-05-20T16:15:33.917", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2620f8932fa9fdabc3d78ed6efb004ca409019f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d362b21fefcef7eda8f1cd78a5925735d2b3287c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc86a9cd181788f6cc4a2dbcd92ea6473dc2923f"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9b28bc65fd3a56755ba503258024608292b4ab1"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec24e62a1dd3540ee696314422040180040c1e4a"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-416"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: KVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception", "id": "2367583", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2367583"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nKVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception\nPreviously, commit ed129ec9057f (\"KVM: x86: forcibly leave nested mode\non vCPU reset\") addressed an issue where a triple fault occurring in\nnested mode could lead to use-after-free scenarios. However, the commit\ndid not handle the analogous situation for System Management Mode (SMM).\nThis omission results in triggering a WARN when KVM forces a vCPU INIT\nafter SHUTDOWN interception while the vCPU is in SMM. This situation was\nreprodused using Syzkaller by:\n1) Creating a KVM VM and vCPU\n2) Sending a KVM_SMI ioctl to explicitly enter SMM\n3) Executing invalid instructions causing consecutive exceptions and\neventually a triple fault\nThe issue manifests as follows:\nWARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 25506 at arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\nkvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\nModules linked in:\nCPU: 0 PID: 25506 Comm: syz-executor.0 Not tainted\n6.1.130-syzkaller-00157-g164fe5dde9b6 #0\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),\nBIOS 1.12.0-1 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:kvm_vcpu_reset+0x1d2/0x1530 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12112\nCall Trace:\n<TASK>\nshutdown_interception+0x66/0xb0 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:2136\nsvm_invoke_exit_handler+0x110/0x530 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3395\nsvm_handle_exit+0x424/0x920 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c:3457\nvcpu_enter_guest arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:10959 [inline]\nvcpu_run+0x2c43/0x5a90 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11062\nkvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x50f/0x1cf0 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:11283\nkvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x570/0xf00 arch/x86/kvm/../../../virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:4122\nvfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n__do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:870 [inline]\n__se_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:856 [inline]\n__x64_sys_ioctl+0x19a/0x210 fs/ioctl.c:856\ndo_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]\ndo_syscall_64+0x35/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0xd8\nArchitecturally, INIT is blocked when the CPU is in SMM, hence KVM's WARN()\nin kvm_vcpu_reset() to guard against KVM bugs, e.g. to detect improper\nemulation of INIT. SHUTDOWN on SVM is a weird edge case where KVM needs to\ndo _something_ sane with the VMCB, since it's technically undefined, and\nINIT is the least awful choice given KVM's ABI.\nSo, double down on stuffing INIT on SHUTDOWN, and force the vCPU out of\nSMM to avoid any weirdness (and the WARN).\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.\n[sean: massage changelog, make it clear this isn't architectural behavior]"], "name": "CVE-2025-37957", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-05-20T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37957\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-37957\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025052003-CVE-2025-37957-e23c@gregkh/T"], "statement": "Host-only KVM logic issue triggered via rare SMM + SHUTDOWN sequence. The security impact is limited. Affects only test environments or advanced hypervisor setups.", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-06-24T09:44:23.637185+00:00", "updated": "2025-06-24T09:44:23.637233+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}